规模化驴场几种主要疾病的研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 01:11

本文关键词：规模化驴场几种主要疾病的研究　出处：《聊城大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的分散养殖模式效益低下,造成了我国毛驴存栏量逐年降低,不能满足急剧增长的阿胶生产,驴肉和驴奶等行业发展的需要。为此,近几年出现的规模化养驴业得到了迅速发展。有必要开展规模化驴场常见疾病特别是传染病的调查研究。基于目前规模化驴场中常见的传染病,结合相关文献资料制定了驴主要传染病目录(谱),为驴健康养殖提供参考。目录包括多种动物共患传染病、驴发生的传染病和其它传染病三类。以养殖场高发的流感、布病、沙门氏菌病等为例,对这些传染病的病原特征、国内外流行情况、发生特点和诊断防控技术进行了总结。根据有关资料和项目组的研究成果对这些传染病的流行情况进行了初步的风险评估。对2015-2016年山东等地规模驴场的驴驹死亡(18.6%)、腹泻(39.5%)、呼吸道疾病(支气管炎、肺炎等,19.2%)、外科疾病(颈部、皮下脓肿、关节炎等,13.2%)、皮肤病(16例,9.6%)等常见疾病进行了统计学分析。使用自动细菌鉴定/药敏分析仪对这些病例进行细菌学分离和鉴定,结合动物攻毒试验、16sr DNA序列分析等方法,调查了不同病例中细菌性感染因素的发生比例。对分离的216株细菌分类表明,致病性大肠杆菌的比例最高,为30%,其次为肺炎链球菌(13%)和金黄色葡萄球菌(10%);铅黄肠球菌、慢葡萄球菌、粪尿肠球菌和梅氏弧菌等条件性致病菌或医源机会感染菌的分离率较高;分离到了报道较少的梅氏弧菌和洋葱伯克霍尔德菌等病原菌,需要引起重视;发现致病性大肠杆菌在这些病例中特别是驴驹败血症和腹泻病例中有较高的分离率,可能是引起驴驹死亡的主要病因。药敏试验表明这些病原菌具有较明显的耐药性,为养驴场细菌性疾病的预防与控制提供了重要的参考数据。未分离到沙门氏菌和兽疫链球菌。对13个规模驴场236份血液、鼻咽拭子和病料进行了检测。使用RT-PCR方法,对流感病毒H3N8亚型进行了检测,使用Real-Time PCR对EHV-1型/4型进行了检测,使用胶体金、c ELISA方法对驴场布病、乙型脑炎进行了检测;使用鉴别培养基对沙门氏菌属进行了分离鉴定。检测到了1份EHV-4阳性,但是其他病原体均为阴性。表明项目区驴场呈现良好的净化无疫状态。
[Abstract]:Low dispersion mode benefit traditional farming, caused by China's donkey breeding stock decreased year by year, can not meet the rapid growth of the gelatin production, development of donkey milk industry and flesh of a donkey. For this reason, the large-scale donkey industry has developed rapidly in recent years. It is necessary to carry out the investigation and study of the common diseases of the donkey field, especially the infectious diseases. Based on the current infectious diseases in the donkey field, the main infectious diseases catalogue (spectrum) of donkey was formulated in combination with relevant literature, which could provide reference for the health culture of donkey. The catalogue includes three kinds of animal co - infectious diseases, donkey's infectious diseases and other infectious diseases. To farm high incidence of influenza, brucellosis, Salmonella and other pathogens, for example, characteristics of these infectious disease epidemic situation at home and abroad, the characteristics and control techniques of diagnosis are summarized. A preliminary risk assessment of the prevalence of these infectious diseases was carried out on the basis of the relevant data and the results of the project group. 2015-2016 in Shandong, the scale of the donkey farm colt died (18.6%), diarrhea (39.5%), respiratory diseases (19.2% bronchitis, pneumonia, and surgical diseases (neck), subcutaneous abscess, arthritis, 13.2%), skin disease (16 cases, 9.6%) and other common diseases in statistical analysis. Bacteriological isolation and identification of these cases were carried out by automatic bacterial identification / drug sensitivity analyzer. The incidence of bacterial infection in different cases was investigated according to animal attack test and 16sr DNA sequence analysis. 216 strains of bacteria classification on the separation of pathogenic Escherichia coli showed that the highest proportion, 30%, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (13%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%); Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus and slow fecaluria Vibrio metschnikovii etc. opportunisticpathogen or nosocomial infection bacteria isolation rate would be higher isolated; less reported Vibrio metschnikovi and Burke Holder bacteria pathogen such as onions, need to pay attention to; find pathogenic Escherichia coli in these cases especially the separation rate is high and the colt septicemia diarrhea patients, may be the main cause of the death of a donkey. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens had obvious resistance and provided important reference data for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in the donkey farm. Salmonella and Streptococcus Phytophthora were not isolated. 236 blood, nasopharyngeal swabs and diseases were detected in 13 scale donkey fields. Using the RT-PCR method, the influenza virus subtype H3N8 was detected using Real-Time PCR to detect EHV-1 /4 and C ELISA, using colloidal gold method to the detection of brucellosis, donkey field encephalitis; medium of Salmonella were isolated and identified using differential. 1 EHV-4 positive were detected, but all other pathogens were negative. It shows that the donkey field in the project area presents a good purification state.
【学位授予单位】：聊城大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.22

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