南海北部陆坡水域三种中层鱼类的生物学及分布特征

发布时间：2017-12-28 02:10

本文关键词：南海北部陆坡水域三种中层鱼类的生物学及分布特征　出处：《大连海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中层鱼类(mesopelagic fish)指栖息于约为200-1000m海洋中层(mesopelagic zone)的海洋鱼类。中层鱼类是海洋中潜在资源最丰富的类群之一,主要为小型鱼类,是大洋及深海食物链中连接浮游动物和更高营养层级捕食者的关键种类,有生长快、性成熟早、多数种类具有昼夜垂直移动习性等特点。由于捕捞及加工技术的制约,世界各国未形成持续稳定中层鱼类渔业。近年来随着研究方法和技术手段的不断进步,中层鱼类巨大的生物量以及对大洋的食物链和碳循环的重要作用逐渐引起国内外学者的重视,部分国家也在探讨对中层鱼类的经济开发。本文首先对中层鱼类的分布及资源储量、生物学特征、加工利用及生态地位进行综述,以期为中层鱼类的研究及探捕提供参考。尾明角灯鱼(Ceratoscopelus warmingii)是南海北部陆坡水域中层鱼类的重要种类之一,以往我国对中层鱼类的研究较少,对深海生态系统的认知有限。本文根据2015年6月南海北部陆坡多综合调查的拖网及尾明角灯鱼生物学测定资料,对其生物学特征进行了初步的研究。结果表明,夏季南海北部陆坡的尾明角灯鱼的体长范围为30~64mm,体长由3个股群组成,三个股群的三个股群的体长均值分别为37.52±2.39mm、44.62±2.84mm、49.80±3.17mm,其体长体重关系式为W=8.418×10-6L3.0985。性腺成熟度以II期、III期居多,50%性发育(II期及以上)体长为42.5mm,雌雄比为1:0.70,较大个体雌性居多。在夜间,其平均摄食等级随时间逐步增加,20:00、22:00、4:00尾明角灯鱼的平均摄食等级分别为0.82、1.58、2.53。以上研究结果为南海北部陆坡尾明角灯鱼的进一步研究提供了基础的参数及资料。蝰鱼(Chauliodus sp.)、烛光鱼(Polyipnus sp.)是南海北部陆坡水域中层鱼类中重要的巨口鱼类,这两种中层鱼类的相关研究较少,对其了解十分有限。本文根据2015年6月南海北部陆坡多综合调查的蝰鱼及烛光鱼的生物学测定资料,对其生物学特征进行了初步的研究。结果表明,夏季南海北部陆坡的蝰鱼的体长范围为65—243mm,体重范围0.49-32.32g,其体长体重关系式为W=8.418×10-6L3.09853。摄食等级以I期、II期居多。烛光鱼的体长范围为31—59mm,体重范围1.72-10.7g,其体长体重关系式为W=1.36313×10-4L2.715566。摄食等级以I期、III期居多。以上研究结果为蝰鱼、烛光鱼的进一步研究提供了基础的参数及资料。研究尾明角灯鱼的分布特征对了解南海陆坡生态系统有着十分重要的意义。本文根据南海北部陆坡多综合调查秋季及夏季航次的拖网及相关环境资料,对其分布、渔场重心及其分布与环境因子的关系进行了初步的研究。结果表明,白天在600m以浅水层多未捕获尾明角灯鱼,傍晚开始捕获少量该样品,夜间在上层捕获的量较大。以上结果反映了南海北部陆坡尾明角灯鱼昼夜垂直移动及白天多分布于700m以深的习性,其渔场重心渔场重心2014年秋季较2015年夏季南偏,其分布与环境因子的关系下网时间、其所在水层的温度、溶解氧存在一定的相关关系。蝰鱼是南海北部陆坡水域中层鱼类中重要的巨口鱼类。本文根据南海北部陆坡多综合调查秋季及夏季航次的拖网及相关环境资料,对其分布、渔场重心及其分布与环境因子的关系进行了初步的研究。结果表明,在400m以深水层捕获蝰鱼较多,70m左右在2015年夏季有少量捕获。经GAM模型分析蝰鱼的分布与水深、拖网的水层、时间、表层的温度、溶解氧可能存在一定的相关关系。
[Abstract]:The middle layer fish (mesopelagic fish) refers to the marine fishes that perch about the middle layer of the ocean (mesopelagic zone) of the 200-1000m. Mesopelagic fish is one of the most abundant taxa potential resources in the ocean, mainly for small fish, is a key type of ocean and deep-sea food chain connected with animal plankton and higher trophic level predators, with fast growth, early maturity, most species of diel vertical migration habits etc.. Due to the constraints of fishing and processing technology, there is no sustainable and stable fish fishery in the world. In recent years, with the continuous progress of research methods and technological means, the great biomass of middle fishes and its important role in the food chain and carbon cycle of the ocean have attracted the attention of scholars both at home and abroad, and some countries are also exploring the economic development of middle-level fishes. In this paper, the distribution and resource reserves, biological characteristics, processing and utilization and ecological status of middle fishes are reviewed first, so as to provide references for the research and exploration of middle-level fishes. The tail Mingjiaodeng fish (Ceratoscopelus warmingii) is one of the important species in northern slope of the South China Sea waters of mesopelagic fishes in China in the past, the middle-level fish research on deep-sea ecosystems cognitive co.. According to the June 2015 survey of the northern slope of the South China Sea more comprehensive and Mingjiaodeng fish tail trawl biological measurement data, the biological characteristics were studied. The results show that the length of the northern slope of the South China Sea summer Mingjiaodeng fish tail 30~64mm, body length by 3 groups of three shares, three shares of stock group group the mean body length were 37.52 + 2.39mm, 44.62 + 2.84mm, 49.80 + 3.17mm, the relationship between body length and body weight was W=8.418 * 10-6L3.0985. The maturity of gonadal maturity is mostly in II stage and III stage. The 50% sex development (II stage and above) body length is 42.5mm, the male and female ratio is 1:0.70, and the larger individual female are most. At night, the average feeding intensity gradually increased with time, the average grade of 20:00, 22:00 and 4:00 feeding fish tail Mingjiaodeng were 0.82, 1.58, 2.53. The above research results for further study on the northern slope of the South China Sea fish tail Mingjiaodeng provides parameters and data base. Chauliodus (Chauliodus sp.) (Polyipnus sp.), candle fish is an important northern slope of the South China Sea waters in the middle of fish dragonfishes, related research of the two middle-level fish less, the understanding is very limited. According to the June 2015 northern slope of the South China Sea more comprehensive biological investigation and determination of viperfish candle fish, its biological characteristics were studied. The results show that the length of viperfish northern slope of the South China Sea in the summer of 65 - 243mm, weight range of 0.49-32.32g, the relationship between body length and body weight was W=8.418 * 10-6L3.09853. The intake grade was mostly in phase I and II. The body length range of the candlelight fish is 31 - 59mm, and the body weight range is 1.72-10.7g. The body length weight relation is W=1.36313 x 10-4L2.715566. The intake grade was mostly in phase I and III. The above results provide the basic parameters and data for the further study of viperfish, candle fish. Research on the distribution characteristics of Mingjiaodeng tail fish has a very important significance for understanding the continental slope of the South China Sea ecosystem. Based on the northern slope of the South China Sea more comprehensive investigation of autumn and summer cruises trawl and related environmental data, the relationship between the distribution and barycenter of their distribution and environmental factors were studied. The results show that during the day in the 600m on the shallow layer does not capture Mingjiaodeng tail fish, the evening began to catch a little of the sample, the night in the upper capture large amount. These results reflect the northern slope of the South China Sea fish tail Mingjiaodeng diel vertical migration and distribution in the daytime 700m in the deep habit, the barycenter of barycenter of autumn of 2014 compared to 2015 summer south, there exists a certain relationship between the distribution and environmental factors in the network time, the water temperature, dissolved oxygen. Viperfish is an important northern slope of the South China Sea waters dragonfishes fishes in the middle. Based on the northern slope of the South China Sea more comprehensive investigation of autumn and summer cruises trawl and related environmental data, the relationship between the distribution and barycenter of their distribution and environmental factors were studied. The results showed that in the 400m to capture more deep levels of viperfish, about 70m in the summer of 2015, a small amount of capture. The GAM model analysis of viperfish distribution and water depth and trawl aquifer, time, surface temperature, dissolved oxygen, there may be some relationship.
【学位授予单位】：大连海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S917.4

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