复合肥防结块剂的研制及其防结块性能的研究

发布时间：2017-12-28 20:41

本文关键词：复合肥防结块剂的研制及其防结块性能的研究　出处：《青岛科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：肥料对农作物的增产增收起着非常重要的作用,但因各种原因使得肥料易发生结块,给农业生产带来不便。特别是复合肥因成分复杂、养分含量高使其在储运和施用时更易产生结块,妨碍其使用,甚至影响其施用效果。本文以喷浆造粒复合肥和熔体造粒复合肥为研究对象,探讨了其结块原因,并据此研制了一种有效的水溶性防结块剂。具体内容如下:首先,研究了两种复合肥的吸湿性能。通过吸湿速率曲线的测定,确定了两种复合肥进行快速结块试验温度、湿度条件为50℃、70%和40℃、70%。运用了一种能客观反映复合肥在储运过程中所处环境的改进快速结块表征方法,将传统评价方法的实验周期从七周缩短到一周,提高了结块的评价效率。其次,研究了影响喷浆造粒复合肥结块的内外因素。实验结果表明:肥料自身含水量和自外界吸收的水分是导致复合肥结块的直接原因,环境温度、湿度和储存压力是复合肥结块的推动力,而储存时间为复合肥的结块提供了机会。由对各影响因素的分析可知,当复合肥的含水量低于0.8%、小颗粒含量低于10%、空气相对湿度低于50%、所受压力低于2 kg/cm2时,复合肥不易形成结块,此外还应缩短储存时间。再次,研制了一种制备容易可生物降解的天然高分子基防结块剂,并初步探讨了其防结块机理。通过考察原料配比、浓度和喷涂量等因素对防结块效果的影响,确定了所研制的防结块剂中羟乙基纤维素(HEC)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)的最佳配比为0.5,当防结块剂的浓度为20%、喷涂量为3‰时防结块效果较佳,防结块率可达87%以上。最后,研究了所制备防结块剂的肥效缓释效果。水溶液浸泡法表明:包覆防结块剂的复合肥,在水溶液中浸泡一周后,其N、P、K的释放率分别为35.4%、23.5%和27.9%,均低于未处理复合肥的释放率46.8%、31.2%和34.7%;土壤培养法表明:包覆防结块剂的复合肥,在土壤中培养50天后的N、P、K的释放率分别为70.3%、60.5%和61.7%,也均低于未处理复合肥的释放率86.6%、76.4%和75.8%。两种方法说明防结块剂作为包膜材料具有良好的缓释效果。
[Abstract]:Fertilizer plays a very important role in increasing the yield and income of crops, but it is easy to block fertilizer for various reasons and bring inconvenience to agricultural production. In particular, complex fertilizer, because of its complex composition and high nutrient content, makes it more likely to produce caking in storage, transportation and application, hindering its use and even affecting its application. In this paper, the reason of caking is discussed with shotcrete granulation compound fertilizer and melt granulation compound fertilizer, and an effective water-soluble anti caking agent is developed based on it. The specific contents are as follows: first, the moisture absorption properties of the two kinds of compound fertilizers are studied. Through the determination of the moisture absorption rate curve, the temperature and humidity conditions of two kinds of compound fertilizer for rapid caking test are 50, 70%, 40 and 70%. A fast agglomerate characterization method which can objectively reflect the environment of compound fertilizer in storage and transportation is applied, which shortens the experimental period of traditional evaluation method from seven weeks to a week, and improves the evaluation efficiency of agglomeration. Secondly, the internal and external factors affecting the caking of compound fertilizer with spray granulation are studied. The experimental results showed that the moisture content of the fertilizer and the moisture absorbed from the outside were the direct cause of the agglomeration of compound fertilizer. The environmental temperature, humidity and storage pressure were the driving force of the compound fertilizer agglomeration, and the storage time provided an opportunity for the agglomeration of compound fertilizer. According to the analysis of the influencing factors, when the moisture content of compound fertilizer is less than 0.8%, the content of small particles is below 10%, the relative humidity of air is less than 50%, and the pressure is less than 2 kg/cm2, compound fertilizer is not easy to form agglomeration. Besides, storage time should also be shortened. Thirdly, a kind of natural polymer based anti caking agent, which is easily biodegradable, is prepared, and its anti caking mechanism is preliminarily discussed. Through the investigation of raw material ratio, concentration and spraying the amount of influence on the anti caking effect, the anti caking agent of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and the twelve sulfonate (LAS) the best ratio was 0.5, when the concentration of anti caking agent is 20%, the spraying amount was 3 per thousand when anti caking effect is better. And the anti caking rate is more than 87%. Finally, the effect of the sustained release of the anti caking agent was studied. That immersion solution: coated compound fertilizer anti caking agent, soaking in aqueous solution after a week, the N, P, K release rates were 35.4%, 23.5% and 27.9%, were lower than the untreated release compound fertilizer was 46.8%, 31.2% and 34.7%; the soil cultivation method: coated compound fertilizer anti caking agent, after 50 days of culture, N P, K in soil release rate were 70.3%, 60.5% and 61.7%, were lower than those of untreated release compound fertilizer was 86.6%, 76.4% and 75.8%. The two methods indicate that the anti caking agent has a good release effect as a coating material.
【学位授予单位】：青岛科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TQ440.4

【参考文献】