中哈边境毗邻蝗区生态特征差异及意大利蝗飞行能力研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:19

本文关键词：中哈边境毗邻蝗区生态特征差异及意大利蝗飞行能力研究　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中哈边境蝗虫跨境迁飞危害常造成严重损失,明确蝗虫迁出区和迁入区生态条件异同及意大利蝗虫迁飞能力是提高监测预警水平的基础。采用境内外野外调查与室内分析相结合,比较分析了中哈边境中国新疆塔城边境蝗区和哈萨克斯坦境内阿拉湖蝗区的生态特征。结果表明,塔城边境蝗区与阿拉湖蝗区地势平坦,前者海拔介于412-431 m,后者海拔介于452-508 m,两者无显著差异(P0.05);两蝗区主要植被和蝗虫种类相似,植被种类以禾本科(Gramiaeae)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)、藜科(Chenopodiaceae)、骆驼蓬科(Peganaceae)、菊科(Compositae)的蒿属(Artemisia)为主;蝗虫以意大利蝗(Calliptamus italicus)、亚洲飞蝗(Locusta migratoria migratoria)、伪星翅蝗(Calliptamus coelesyriensis)、戟纹蝗(Dociostaurus kraussi)、黑条小车蝗(Oedaleus decorus)、朱腿痂蝗(Bryodema gebleri)、小雏蝗(Chorthippus mollischarp)为优势类群。塔城边境蝗区与阿拉湖蝗区土壤的p H值分别为8.80±0.17、8.16±0.14,含盐量分别为5.95±1.79 mg/g、0.71±0.10 mg/g,有机质含量分别为46.94±4.37 g/kg、22.53±2.74 g/kg,两蝗区的p H、含盐量和有机质含量差异显著(P0.05);除Ca2+和CO32-,土壤中的Cl-、SO42-、K+、Na+、Mg2+、HCO3-含量差异显著(P0.05)。两蝗区20 a(1980-1999年)年均气温和降水量无显著差异(P0.05),年、季节平均气温和降水量5 a滑动趋势差异显著(P0.05)。采用JDFXM-3型昆虫飞行信息系统,室温下测定2日龄至13日龄群居型雌雄意大利蝗的飞行能力。结果表明,雌雄意大利蝗不同日龄的迁飞能力变化趋势不同,随日龄增长,雌虫的飞行能力先上升后下降,雄虫则逐渐减弱,且雌虫飞行能力强于雄虫。雌虫7日龄飞行能力最强,平均飞行距离和飞行时间分别为0.96±0.32 km和0.57±0.15 h,雄虫2日龄的飞行能力最强,平均飞行距离和飞行时间分别为0.53±0.24 km和0.31±0.12 h;雌雄虫的飞行能力均在13日龄最小,平均飞行距离和飞行时间分别为0.11±0.03 km和0.07±0.01 h,0.02±0.00 km和0.02±0.00 h。不同日龄雌虫之间、雄虫之间和同日龄雌雄之间的平均飞行距离、飞行时间差异显著(P0.05),平均飞行速度差异不显著(P0.05)。哈萨克斯坦境内阿拉湖蝗区的优势植被种类、较低的土壤p H值和含盐量及气候条件适宜蝗虫产卵和生长发育,是蝗虫的重要孳生地;我国境内塔城边境地区大面积撂荒地增加了适宜蝗虫发生的环境。因此,中哈边境毗邻蝗区仍然是蝗虫严重发生区,蝗虫跨境迁飞危害将继续存在,研究结果对于指导中哈边境蝗区的监测和防控有重要作用。
[Abstract]:The harm of locusts moving across the border between China and Kazakhstan often causes serious losses. The differences and similarities of ecological conditions and the ability of Italian locusts to move away from and into the area are the basis for improving the level of monitoring and early warning. Field investigation and indoor analysis are used to improve the level of monitoring and early warning. The ecological characteristics of the Tacheng border locust region in China and the Arahu locust region in Kazakhstan are compared and analyzed. The results show that the Tacheng border locust area is flat with the Arahu lake locust area. The former was 412-431 m, the latter was 452-508 m, there was no significant difference between the two. The main vegetation and grasshopper species in the two locust regions are similar. The vegetation species are Gramiaeaeae, Cyperaceaeae, Chenopodiaceaeae. Artemisia (Artemisia) of the genus Peganaceaeae and Compositaeae; The locusts are Calliptamus italicusus and Locusta migratoria migratoria. Calliptamus coelesyriensis, Dociostaurus kraussi. Oedaleus decorusus, Bryodema geblerii. Chorthippus mollischarp was the dominant group. The pH value of soil in Tacheng border locust area and Ala lake locust area was 8.80 卤0.17, respectively. The salt content and organic matter content were 5.95 卤1.79 mg / g 0.71 卤0.10 mg / g and 46.94 卤4.37 g / kg, respectively, 8.16 卤0.14, 5.95 卤1.79 mg / g / g and 46.94 卤4.37 g / kg, respectively. 22.53 卤2.74 g / kg, there were significant differences in pH, salinity and organic matter content between the two locust regions (P 0.05). Except for Ca2 and CO32 -, Cl-C SO42-K ~ + Na ~ (2 +) mg _ (2) was found in soil. There was no significant difference in average annual air temperature and precipitation between the two locust regions from 1980 to 1999. The seasonal mean air temperature and precipitation showed significant difference in sliding trend in 5 years (P0.05). JDFXM-3 type insect flight information system was used. The flight ability of the male and female Italian locust from 2 days to 13 days old was measured at room temperature. The results showed that the migration ability of male and female Italian locust was different and increased with the age of day. The flying ability of female increased at first and then decreased, while that of male decreased gradually, and the flying ability of female was stronger than that of male, and the female had the strongest flight ability at 7 days old. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.96 卤0.32 km and 0.57 卤0.15 h, respectively. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.53 卤0.24 km and 0.31 卤0.12 h, respectively. The average flying distance and flying time were 0.11 卤0.03 km and 0.07 卤0.01 h, respectively. 0.02 卤0.00 km and 0.02 卤0.00 h. the average flight distance and flight time between female and male, male and female were significantly different (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in average flight velocity (P0.05). The dominant vegetation species, lower soil pH value, salt content and climatic conditions were suitable for locust spawning and growth. It is an important breeding ground for locusts. The abandoned land in the border area of Tacheng in China has increased the suitable environment for locust occurrence. Therefore, the locust area adjacent to the border between China and Kazakhstan is still a serious locust occurrence area, and the harm of locust migration across the border will continue to exist. The results play an important role in guiding the monitoring, prevention and control of the border locust in China and Kazakhstan.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S433.2

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