河北省北柴胡生态适宜性区划研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 00:26

本文关键词：河北省北柴胡生态适宜性区划研究　出处：《河北医科大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2015版《中国药典》收载柴胡为伞形科植物柴胡Bupleurum chinense DC.或狭叶柴胡Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.的干燥根,按其性状不同,药材分别习称“北柴胡”和“南柴胡”,具有解表和里、疏肝解郁、升举阳气等功效[1],现代药理研究表明,其主要有效成分有柴胡皂苷类、挥发油等,柴胡皂苷作为柴胡质量检验的标准物质,具镇静、镇痛、抗炎、保肝、抗肿瘤等作用,其中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的药理活性较强[2]。柴胡是河北省道地药材之一,其中柴胡的一个来源种北柴胡(津柴胡、硬柴胡等),是河北省柴胡的主要品种。随着柴胡的需求逐年增长,河北省开始重视和发展柴胡的种植,然而柴胡的质量优劣与产地的生态环境密切相关。河北省地域广阔,自然地理环境复杂,南北、东西地势高低不一,地区差异比较明显,加上气候较温和,导致河北省柴胡资源分布广泛,不同产地柴胡质量参差不齐。因此,本课题从地形、气候和土壤因子三个方面对河北省各地区进行北柴胡生态适宜性区划分析,明确了柴胡皂苷类成分与不同生态环境因子之间的关系,确保柴胡种植能够因地制宜,进一步保证栽培柴胡药材的质量。目的:取河北省不同产地的四十三份北柴胡样品,根据2015年版《中国药典》柴胡含量测定方法测定柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d含量,作为柴胡质量控制的指标,应用空间分析技术[3]对柴胡皂苷类成分含量与各生态环境因子之间的关系进行分析研究,从地形、气候、土壤因子三方面对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划研究,明确柴胡皂苷类成分与生态环境之间的关系,为种植北柴胡基地的选址提供理论依据[4]。方法:1样品的采集:采集了河北省各产地四十三份野生北柴胡,采收时间为2016年8~9月,采收部位为根,干燥。2柴胡皂苷a、d的含量测定:采用高效液相色谱法测定柴胡药材样品中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量。3根据地形、气候和土壤等环境因素对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划[4]:(1)最大信息熵模型:根据河北省3个地形因子、19个气候因子及8个土壤因子等生态环境数据和四十三个产地的地理位置信息,运用最大信息熵模型(maxent)计算柴胡生境适宜度,筛选出对柴胡生境适宜度影响较大的生态因子。(2)基于地形因子的柴胡生态适宜性区划研究:使用spss21.0统计软件对海拔、坡度及坡向等地形因子数据与柴胡皂苷类成分含量进行相关分析,并分析各地形因子与柴胡皂苷类成分含量之间的关系。根据地形因子的影响,运用arcgis软件对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划分析。(3)基于气候因子的柴胡生态适宜性区划研究:使用spss21.0统计软件对19个气候因子数据与柴胡皂苷类成分含量进行相关分析,然后运用逐步回归分析筛选出影响柴胡皂苷类成分含量的主要气候因子,分析各个气候因子与柴胡皂苷类成分之间的关系。根据气候因子的影响,运用arcgis软件对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划分析。(4)基于土壤因子的柴胡生态适宜性区划研究:使用spss21.0统计软件对酸碱度、土壤的阳离子交换能力、土壤含沙量、土壤含粘土量、土壤亚类、土壤有效水含量等级、土壤质地分类和有机碳含量等土壤因子数据与柴胡皂苷类成分含量进行相关分析,并分析各土壤因子与柴胡皂苷类成分含量之间的关系。根据土壤因子的影响,运用arcgis软件对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划分析。结果:1柴胡皂苷a、d含量的测定:测得柴胡样品中柴胡皂苷a、柴胡皂苷d的含量分别为0.639mg/g~2.658mg/g、0.584mg/g~2.482mg/g。2根据地形、气候和土壤等生态因子对河北省北柴胡进行生态适宜性区划:(1)最大信息熵模型:运用maxent软件分别对河北省地形、气候和土壤等因子运算一百万次,筛选出对河北省北柴胡生境适宜度影响比较大的3个地形因子、9个气候因子及5个土壤因子。(2)基于地形因子的河北省北柴胡的生态适宜性区划研究:海拔大于600m时柴胡皂苷类成分含量最高,海拔小于200m时最低。坡度为4~5.5°时柴胡皂苷类成分含量最高,坡度小于2.5°时柴胡皂苷类成分含量最低。柴胡生长在向阳面时柴胡皂苷类成分含量较高。(3)基于气候因子的河北省北柴胡生态适宜性区划研究:对气候数据进行逐步回归分析后得到对柴胡皂苷类成分含量起主要影响的气候因子为最湿季平均温和等温性。其中,最湿季平均温为21℃以下柴胡皂苷类成分含量最高,23℃以上含量最低;等温性为30~31柴胡皂苷类成分含量最高,26~27含量最低。(4)基于土壤因子的柴胡生态适宜性区划研究:柴胡皂苷类成分含量与土壤因子没有明显的相关性。结论:1通过研究表明有利于柴胡皂苷类成分含量积累的地形和气候条件为:海拔600m以上,坡度为4~5.5°,坡向为阳面,最湿季平均温21℃以下,等温性为30~31,这些生态条件最适宜北柴胡种植的。2研究结果中最适宜北柴胡生长的地区主要分布在太行山和燕山山脉一带,包括邯郸、石家庄、保定、唐山、秦皇岛西部,张家口和承德大部分地区,在推广北柴胡人工种植时,应选取与最适宜生态条件相似度较高的山地,才能更好的保证栽培北柴胡药材的质量。3本课题对河北省内北柴胡进行了区划研究,为了更好的保证种植柴胡质量,为栽培柴胡选址提供依据,在今后的研究中会进一步开展柴胡全国生态适宜性区划研究。
[Abstract]:The 2015 edition of < > China received root dry load pharmacopoeia for the Umbelliferae Bupleurum Bupleurum Bupleurum chinense DC. or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. b.scorzonerifolium, according to the characters of different materials are commonly known as "honewort" and "South Chaihu", and has a solution form, Shugan Jieyu, lifting Yang and other effects of [1]. Modern pharmacological studies show that the main effective component of Bupleurum saponins, volatile oil, bupleurum saikosaponin as the standard substance, quality inspection with sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti tumor effect, the saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d strong pharmacological activity of Bupleurum [2]. is one of the genuine medicinal materials in Hebei Province, including a source for Bupleurum Bupleurum (Tianjin bupleurum, Radix Bupleuri, hard) is the main varieties in Hebei province. With the demand of Bupleurum Bupleurum increased year by year, Hebei province started to pay attention to and development of Bupleurum plant, but the quality of Radix Bupleuri The ecological environment and origin are closely related. Hebei province is vast, natural geographical environment is complex, North and south, the thing or not, obvious regional difference, with mild climate, in Hebei Province, bupleurum Bupleurum resources are widely distributed, uneven quality in different regions. Therefore, this paper from the terrain of regionalization of ecological suitability analysis Bupleurum in Hebei province from three aspects of climate and soil factors, clarify the relationship between saikosaponins and different environmental factors, to ensure the quality of planting Bupleurum can according to local conditions, to ensure Radix Bupleuri. Objective: Forty-three copies of Bupleurum chinense from different regions of Hebei Province, according to the 2015 edition of < China Pharmacopoeia > Bupleurum determination method for determination of saikosaponin a, saikosaponin d in Bupleurum, as indicators of quality control, application of spatial analysis technology of [3] saikosaponin The relationship between the content and the ecological environment factor analysis, from the terrain, climate of zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei province soil factor three, a clear relationship between saikosaponins and ecological environment, and provide a theoretical basis for the selection of planting Bupleurum [4]. method base: 1 samples collection: collected all regions of Hebei province forty-three wild bupleurum, harvest time for 8~9 months of 2016, harvest parts as the root, dry.2 saikosaponin a, the content of D was determined by high performance liquid chromatography determination of saikosaponin a in Radix Bupleuri samples, the content of saikosaponin d.3 according to the climate and terrain. Soil environmental factors such as ecological Suitability Regionalization in Hebei province with [4] (1): honewort maximum entropy model: according to the Hebei province 3 terrain factors, 19 climatic factors and 8 factor of soil ecological and environmental data The geographical location information of the forty-three areas, using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) calculation of Bupleurum habitat suitability, select suitable ecological factors greatly influence on the bupleurum habitat. (2) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum topographic factors: using spss21.0 statistical software on the altitude, slope and slope correlation analysis to terrain factors such as data and saikosaponins content, and analyze the relationship between the topographical factors and saikosaponins content. According to the effect of topography in Hebei Province, using honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis software ArcGIS. (3) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum climatic factors were analyzed based on: on the 19 climate factors data and saikosaponins content using the spss21.0 statistical software, and then use regression analysis to find out the influence of content of saikosaponins The main climatic factors, analysis of the relationship between the various climate factors and saikosaponins. According to the influence of climate factors in Hebei Province, using honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis software ArcGIS. (4) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum soil based on factor: using spss21.0 statistical software on soil pH, cation the exchange capacity, soil content, clay content of soil, soil subgroup, soil available water content level, the correlation analysis of soil texture classification and organic carbon content of soil factor data and saikosaponin content, and analyzing the relationship between soil factors and saikosaponins content. According to the influence of soil factors. The use of Hebei province honewort Ecological Suitability Regionalization analysis ArcGIS software. Results: 1 Determination of saikosaponin a, D content of saikosaponin was measured: Bupleurum samples in a, Chai Huzao The content of D was respectively 0.639mg/g~2.658mg/g, 0.584mg/g~2.482mg/g.2 according to the topography, ecological factors such as climate and Soil Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Hebei province honewort: (1) the maximum entropy model by MaxEnt software respectively in Hebei Province, terrain, climate and soil factors such as operation one million times, screened 3 topographic effect relatively large in Hebei province honewort habitat, 9 climatic factors and 5 soil factors. (2) the Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei Province Based on topographic factors: altitude of more than 600m saikosaponins content is the highest, the lowest altitude is less than 200m. The slope is 4~5.5 degrees saikosaponins the highest content of slope is less than 2.5 degrees, content of saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri. The lowest growth adret when saikosaponins content is higher. (3) of Bupleurum chinense in Hebei Province Based on climatic factors of students Study on the suitable state Zoning: the climate data were obtained after stepwise regression analysis of climatic factors plays a major impact on the content of saikosaponins for the wet season average temperature. The average temperature is 21 degrees Celsius in the wet season of saikosaponins content was the highest, 23 DEG C was the lowest for isothermal; 30~31 content of saikosaponins is highest, the lowest levels of 26~27. (4) zonation on Ecological Adaptability of Bupleurum soil based on factor: no obvious correlation between saikosaponins content and soil factors. Conclusion: 1 through research that is beneficial to the content of saikosaponins accumulation of topography and climatic conditions as above 600m. The slope is 4~5.5 degrees, the slope for the sun, the average temperature of the wet season of 21 DEG C, isothermal 30~31, the most suitable for the ecological conditions of Bupleurum chinense planting.2 research results in the most suitable growth area of Bupleurum chinense Mainly distributed in Taihang Mountain and Yanshan mountains area, including Handan, Shijiazhuang, Baoding, Tangshan, Western Qinhuangdao, most areas of Zhangjiakou and Chengde, in the promotion of Bupleurum chinense plantation, the most suitable ecological conditions should be selected with the high similarity of the mountain, in order to better ensure the quality of.3 cultivation of B.chinense this topic to the north of Hebei province the division of bupleurum, in order to better ensure the quality of planting bupleurum, provide the basis for the cultivation of Bupleurum location, will further carry out Bupleurum National Ecological Suitability Regionalization in future research.

【学位授予单位】：河北医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.79

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