新型缓释尿素养分释放特性及环境效应研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 00:46

本文关键词：新型缓释尿素养分释放特性及环境效应研究　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：缓/控释肥料是一种肥料养分释放与作物对养分吸收基本同步的新型肥料,其相对较低的生产成本和良好的缓释效果,使其在施入土壤过程中不仅能够提高养分利用率,减少养分损失,而且还可以减小由施肥引发的温室气体排放、水体富营养化等环境问题,同时也可以通过肥料的一次性施用而降低施肥过程中的劳动强度。因此,环境友好、养分利用率高等特点的新型肥料具有广阔的应用前景。本研究利用煤汽化尿素生产工艺制备功能性吸附材料的缓释尿素,通过室内模拟试验探究其养分淋失、氮素形态转化和氨挥发损失特征,同时借助田间试验分析其对土壤速效氮、玉米氮素营养和产量的影响。通过本研究,有望为基质缓释肥的研发与农业应用提供借鉴。主要研究结果如下:(1)普通尿素在第2次淋溶时氮素累积释放率达98.9%,而缓释尿素处理为62.4%。土柱淋溶试验中,缓释尿素的前3次氮素淋溶量显著低于普通尿素处理(P0.05),之后缓释尿素氮素淋溶量总体上高于普通尿素处理(P0.05);(2)缓释尿素的累积氮素淋溶量(144.3 mg N)与普通尿素处理(146.9 mg N)无显著差异(P0.05)。缓释尿素和普通尿素处理的氨挥发速率均在第3 d达到峰值,但较普通尿素处理,缓释尿素可使氨挥发损失显著降低41.6%(P0.05);(3)尿素中的改性基质材料对氮素形态转化无明显影响;(4)缓释尿素中氮素释放特征可用一级动力学方程N_t=N_0(1-e~(-bx))拟合,其氮素释放速率常数(b)比普通尿素下降67.4%～82.6%,累积氨挥发损失比普通尿素下降 15.8%～39.3%;(5)玉米栽培试验中,耕层土壤速效氮含量随功能材料添加量的提高呈增加趋势,同时提高玉米叶片中叶绿素含量和硝酸还原酶活性;(6)借助一元三次模型拟合玉米产量性状与功能材料添加量的关系发现,功能材料添加量为5.28%、4.80%、5.24%和4.76%的缓释尿素可分别获得理论最高玉米生物学产量(15829 kg·hm~(-2))、地上部生物量(164.0 g·plant~(-1))、根系生物量(26.9 g·plant~(-1))和籽粒产量(6769 kg·hm~(-2))。
[Abstract]:Slow / controlled release fertilizer is a kind of nutrient release of fertilizers and crop nutrient uptake of new fertilizer basic synchronization, its relatively low production cost and good slow-release effect, so that in the fertilizer process can not only improve nutrient utilization, reduce nutrient losses, but also to reduce the greenhouse caused by fertilization gas emissions, eutrophication and other environmental problems, but also can reduce the labor intensity of the fertilization process through one-time fertilizer. Therefore, environmental friendly, high utilization rate of fertilizer nutrient model has broad application prospect. The preparation of slow-release urea functional adsorption material using the production process of coal gasification urea, by indoor simulation experiment on the nitrogen transformation and nutrient leaching, ammonia volatilization characteristics, and by means of the analysis of soil available nitrogen in field experiment, nitrogen nutrition and corn Yield. Through this research, is expected to the matrix of slow-release fertilizer and agricultural application research for reference. The main results are as follows: (1) common urea in the second nitrogen leaching cumulative release rate was 98.9%, and the slow-release urea treatment was 62.4%. soil column leaching test, the amount of nitrogen leached 3 times before the release the urine was significantly lower than that of normal urea treatment (P0.05), after the urea nitrogen leaching amount is generally higher than that of urea treatment (P0.05); (2) the cumulative nitrogen leaching amount of slow-release urea (144.3 mg N) and common urea (146.9 mg N) had no significant difference (P0.05) slow release urea and common urea treatment. The ammonia volatilization rate reached the peak at third D, but compared with common urea, urea to ammonia volatilization significantly decreased by 41.6% (P0.05); (3) modification of matrix material in urea on nitrogen transformation had no significant effect; (4) nitrogen release in slow-release urea The characteristics of first-order kinetic equations of N_t=N_0 (1-e~ (-bx)) fitting, the nitrogen release rate constant (b) than urea decreased by 67.4% ~ 82.6%, the cumulative ammonia volatilization 15.8% ~ 39.3% lower than common urea; (5) maize cultivation experiment, soil available nitrogen content increased with the increase of the added amount of a functional material at the same time increased, increased chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity of maize leaves; (6) the relationship between amount of one of the three models yield traits and functional materials, functional materials, adding 5.28%, 4.80%, 5.24% and 4.76% urea can obtain the highest maize yield were biological theory (15829 kg. Hm~ (-2)), aboveground biomass (164 G - plant~ (-1)), root biomass (26.9 G - plant~ (-1)) and grain yield (6769 kg - hm~ (-2)).

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S145.6

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