毒蝇鹅膏菌毒素粗品及其复合物对杨干象的毒效研究

发布时间：2018-01-03 17:01

本文关键词：毒蝇鹅膏菌毒素粗品及其复合物对杨干象的毒效研究　出处：《沈阳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国的森林资源一直十分匮乏,想要满足经济建设的需要必须每年从其他国家进口大量的木材。在世界上的多种木材中,分布最广、适应性最强的树种就是杨树。种植杨树可以获得巨大的经济效益,因为杨树的用途十分广泛,除了用作基本木材更主要是用于加工业用材。杨树还具有很强的防风防沙效果,对水土的保持也有很强的帮助。但在杨树生长过程中经常受到杨干象的侵害。本文对杨干象的防治提出了新方法,作者采集并且整理了部分辽宁省大型真菌与植物,提取两者有效成分对杨干象成虫进行杀虫试验。试验结果如下:1.通过采集44种大型真菌并提取其有效活性物质,进行杨干象毒杀试验,并对24小时的杀灭杨干象的校正死亡率达到100%的大型真菌提取物进行光热稳定性试验,筛选出豹斑毒鹅膏菌和毒蝇鹅膏菌两种大型真菌的提取物,对试虫毒杀效果最佳的是毒蝇鹅膏菌的提取物。2.通过采集52种植物并用乙醇提取其有效活性物质,进行杨干象毒杀试验,并对24小时的杀虫校正死亡率100%的植物乙醇提取物进行光热稳定性试验,筛选出鬼针草、银线草和毒芹三种植物乙醇提取物,对试虫毒杀效果最佳的是毒芹的乙醇提取物。3.将筛选出的两种大型真菌与三种植物的提取物分别按照80:1的质量比进行配伍,得到6种复合的生物提取物,分别进行对杨干象的毒杀实验。试验结果表明,毒芹和毒蝇鹅膏菌的复合提取物对试虫的毒杀效果提升最明显,共毒系数为121.537,因此选取此复合生物提取物。4.用斑马鱼对筛选出的最终复合生物提取物进行安全性试验,得出72 h时对斑马鱼的最小半致死浓度,根据《生物检测技术规范(水环境部分)》中的标准,此复合生物提取物的毒性为低毒。5.在野外进行最终选取的复合生物提取物的杀虫试验,并用40%氧化乐果乳油、50%杀螟松乳油800倍药液和无菌水作为对照实验组。试验发现此复合生物提取物易受天气和环境温度影响,对试虫的灭杀效果不如800倍液的氯氰菊酯。本实验旨在研究大型真菌与植物的提取物,从中筛选出对杨干象有防治效果的种类,为寻找安全有效的环境友好型生物杀虫剂提供新的思路。
[Abstract]:Chinese forest resources has been very scarce, to meet the needs of economic construction must annually from other countries to import large quantities of wood. A variety of wood in the world, the most widely distributed, most adaptive species is poplar. Poplar planting can obtain enormous economic benefits, because the use of poplar is widely used as the basic, in addition to more wood is mainly used for processing timber. Poplar also has very strong wind effect, also has the very strong help of the water and soil conservation. But often cryptorrhynchuslapathi abuse in poplar growth process. This paper proposes a new method for the prevention and treatment of Yang Gan as the author of collecting and sorting a large part of Liaoning Province, fungi and plants. The extraction of the effective component two insecticidal tests of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi adults. The results are as follows: 1. through the acquisition of 44 large fungi and its active substances were extracted, stem like Yang For 24 hours and poisoning test, the killing of cryptorrhynchuslapathi corrected mortality was 100% of the Macrofungal extracts thermal stability test, screening of extracts of leopard poisonous Amanita, Amanita muscaria two large fungi, insects on the toxic effect of the best is Amanita muscaria extract by.2. acquisition 52 kinds of plants and extract the active substances with ethanol of Cryptorrhynchus lapathi poisoning test, and the corrected mortality of 100% plant ethanol extracts of 24 hours of insecticidal thermal stability test, selected three plant ethanol extracts of Bidens, silver grass and hemlock, to test insect poison effect is the best of the two species of Macrofungi cowbane the ethanol extract of.3. will be screened with three kinds of plant extracts were in accordance with the 80:1 quality than the compatibility of 6 kinds of composite biological extract, were poisoning experiments on cryptorrhynchuslapathi Test results show that the compound extract of hemlock and Amanita muscaria to enhance the test insect killing effect of the most obvious, the CO toxicity coefficient was 121.537, so choose the composite biological extract.4. safety screening tests to the final composite biological extracts with zebrafish, the minimum lethal concentration of zebrafish at 72 h according to the specification, biological detection technology (water environment) > in the standard, the composite biological toxicity test for insecticidal extracts of low toxic.5. composite biological extracts selected in the field, and 40% Omethoate, 50% fenitrothion EC 800 times liquid and sterile water as control group. Experiment results showed that this compound biological extract is easily affected by the weather and environment temperature, the killing effect of insects as 800 times liquid of cypermethrin. The aim of this study is to extract of large fungi and plants, by screening A variety of control effect on cryptorrhynchuslapathi, to provide new ideas for environmental friendly biological insecticide is safe and effective.

【学位授予单位】：沈阳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S763

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