荒漠绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯水生产力研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 17:40

本文关键词：荒漠绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯水生产力研究　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：于2016年4月至9月在甘肃省张掖市民乐县洪水河管理处益民灌溉试验站进行了膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯大田试验,研究分析了不同生育阶段水分调亏程度对马铃薯各生育时期生长动态、耗水特征、作物产量、水分利用状况、块茎淀粉含量、土壤养分利用状况及土壤温度变化等的影响。试验共设8个水分调亏处理(WD1-WD8)和1个充分灌水对照CK:分别为幼苗期轻度(55%~65%田间持水量,FC,Field Capacity)水分调亏处理WD6、幼苗期中度(45%~55%FC)水分调亏处理WD7、块茎形成期轻度水分调亏处理WD1、块茎形成期中度水分调亏处理WD4、块茎膨大期轻度水分调亏处理WD2、块茎膨大期中度水分调亏处理WD5、淀粉积累期轻度水分调亏处理WD3、淀粉积累期中度水分调亏处理WD8和全生育期充分(65%~75%FC)灌溉对照处理CK。研究结果表明:(1)膜下滴灌马铃薯水生产力受水分调亏影响显著。块茎膨大期水分调亏马铃薯薯块产量、生物量和收获指数均显著(P0.05)低于其他水处理及对照CK;块茎形成期轻度水分调亏处理WD1马铃薯水生产力较高,其薯块产量、生物量和收获指数均较块茎膨大期中度水分调亏处理WD5显著提高70.82%、20.65%和52.38%。(2)块茎形成期轻度水分调亏处理WD1有助于提高马铃薯作物水分利用效率(WUE)及灌溉水利用效率(IWUE),WD1较对照CK分别提高29.04%、35.61%;全生育期充分灌水CK对照处理虽产量较高,但水分利用效率显著降低(P0.05);同时块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺处理也有利于改善马铃薯块茎淀粉含量、薯块干物质率等日常生产、食用价值和经济效益等。各处理及对照间薯块干物质率差异不显著;WD1较对照CK块茎淀粉含量显著提高49.18%,较同期中度水分调亏处理WD4提高6.26%。(3)膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯全生育期充分灌水对照CK耗水强度和耗水模数均保持较高水平且总耗水量最高,显著高于其他处理13.15%-43.84%。块茎形成期中度水分调亏处理WD4全生育期总耗水量最少较对照CK降低34.48%;马铃薯各生育阶耗水模数、耗水强度则随水分调亏程度增加而显著减少(P0.05)。马铃薯块茎膨大期为需水最关键时期,对水分调亏敏感程度也最高,块茎膨大期水分调亏将会导致马铃薯薯块产量及淀粉含量等指标严重降低;马铃薯块茎形成期水分敏感程度次之,幼苗期和淀粉积累期对水分亏缺敏感程度较小。(4)仅在幼苗期马铃薯植株高度与主茎茎粗受土壤水分调亏影响较大,调亏程度越高其受水分影响愈显著(P0.05),然而其他生育时期株高与主茎茎粗受水分亏缺影响均不显著(P0.05)。膜下滴灌调亏灌溉马铃薯全生育期叶面积指数(LAI)与光合势(LAD)的变化趋势及方向基本一致,均为生育前期植株矮小缓慢增长,中期植株生长旺盛快速上升,生育后期增速减缓、停止或略有下降趋势。因此,在马铃薯生长发育关键阶段,保持土壤水分满足作物正常需水要求对提升作物叶面积指数和光合势具有显著效果。因此,采用膜下滴灌调亏灌溉可使马铃薯根区土壤始终保持湿润状态,减少深层渗漏损失和株间土壤水分无效蒸发损失;块茎形成期水分调亏可进一步提高作物水分利用效率(WUE)、灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)和薯块淀粉含量等,达到了节水且不降低马铃薯产量。
[Abstract]:From April 2016 to September in Minle County, Zhangye city of Gansu province river flood management department Yimin irrigation experimental station of RDI potato field experiment under drip irrigation, research and analysis of the different growth stages of water deficit degree dynamic growth on potato growth period, water consumption characteristics, crop yield, water utilization, tuber starch content, influence the application of soil nutrient status and soil temperature change. The test consists of 8 water deficit treatment (WD1-WD8) and 1 full irrigation control CK: were mild in seedling stage (55%~65% of field capacity, FC, Field, Capacity) WD6 water deficit treatment at seedling stage (45%~55%FC), moderate water deficit treatment WD7 tuber formation period of mild water deficit treatment WD1, tuber formation moderate water deficit treatment WD4 tuber expansionperiod mild water deficit treatment WD2, tuber growth moderate water deficit treatment WD5, starch accumulation stage light The degree of water deficit treatment WD3, starch accumulation period moderate water deficit treatment WD8 and the whole growth period of full irrigation treatment (65%~75%FC) control CK. research results show that: (1) under umdi water productivity by water deficit significantly. The deficit of potato tuber yield water tuber expanding stage, biomass and harvest index (P0.05) were significantly lower than other water treatment and control of tuber CK; mild water deficit treatment WD1 potato water productivity is higher, the tuber yield, biomass and harvest index were relatively moderate tuber growth water deficit treatment WD5 increased 70.82%, 20.65% and 52.38%. (2) tuber mild water transfer a WD1 helps to improve the utilization efficiency of potato crop water (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), WD1 in patients with CK were increased by 29.04%, 35.61%; the whole growth period of CK full irrigation treatment is as high yield, but the water Use efficiency decreased significantly (P0.05); at the same time, the tuber formation stage mild water deficit treatment, but also conducive to the improvement of starch content of potato tuber, tuber dry matter rate of daily production, edible value and economic benefit. The treatment and control of potato tuber dry matter rate difference was not significant; WD1 increased 49.18% compared with the control of starch content CK tubers, compared with the same period of moderate water deficit treatment increased WD4 6.26%. (3) deficit in the growth period of potato full irrigation control CK intensity of water consumption and water consumption modulus was maintained in high level and the highest water consumption of drip irrigation, significantly higher than other treatments 13.15%-43.84%. tuber moderate water deficit in the whole growth period of total WD4 the water consumption of at least 34.48% lower than CK; the growth of potato order water consumption coefficient, water consumption intensity with water deficit increased significantly (P0.05). The potato tuber expansion period for the water The key period of water deficit sensitivity is the highest, the water deficit will lead to the tuber growth index of potato tuber yield and starch content of potato tuber decreased seriously; the moisture sensitivity of seedling stage and starch accumulation period is more sensitive to water deficit is smaller. (4) only in the seedling stage of potato plants the height and stem diameter under soil water deficit affected, the higher the degree of deficit more significantly affected by soil water (P0.05), but the other growth stages of plant height and stem diameter were not significantly influenced by water deficit (P0.05) deficit irrigation. Leaf area index of the growth period of potato under drip irrigation (LAI) and photosynthetic potential (LAD) and the trend of the basic direction, are the early growth of dwarf plants grow slowly, mid vigorous plant growth increased rapidly at late growth stage of growth slowed, stopped or slightly downward trend. Therefore, in potato The key stage of growth and development of potato, maintain soil moisture to meet crop water requirement of normal increase in crop leaf area index and photosynthetic potential had significant effect. Therefore, using drip irrigation RDI can make soil potato root zone always kept moist state, reduce leakage and deep penetration of strains between soil moisture evaporation loss; tuber formation during the period of water deficit can further increase crop water use efficiency (WUE), irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) and the tuber starch content, thereby saving the water without decreasing the yield of potato.

【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532

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