光照强度对‘温185’核桃叶片生理指标及果实品质的影响

发布时间：2018-01-04 16:14

  本文关键词：光照强度对‘温185’核桃叶片生理指标及果实品质的影响　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 核桃 遮荫 生理指标 果实品质 光合荧光特性

【摘要】：本文探究农业生产中核桃乔化密植枝条叶片相互遮荫对树体造成的影响。选8年生‘温185’核桃为试验材料,采用人工模拟遮荫,设置不同梯度光照处理,研究不同光照处理对核桃叶片生理生化指标、叶片解剖结构、光合荧光特性及果实品质和产量的影响。探究遮荫对核桃产生的影响,找到合理有效的光照条件为核桃修剪及合理密植等提供理论参考。主要研究结果如下:(1)硬核期时,43%透光率处理下的叶绿素含量较高,自充实期之后,43%透光率处理下叶绿素含量较低,84%透光率处理下叶绿素含量表现出较高的水平,说明短时间重度遮荫和长时间轻度遮荫可以提高叶绿素含量。此外,84%透光率处理,能提高海绵组织厚度、表皮细胞长度、栅栏组织/海绵组织、气孔长度、气孔面积,可以较好的改善叶片解剖结构;43%透光率处理较全光照短时间内可以提高核桃叶片叶绿素含量,提高了0.913 mg·g-1且达显著水平;当光照处理低于69%透光率时,长时间遮荫不利于核桃树体光合产物的积累和抗逆性的提高,主要表现在叶绿素和脯氨酸含量降低,丙二醛含量上升。遮荫处理较全光照可以提高叶片水势、叶片面积,但会降低叶片单叶重。(2)油脂转化期,84%透光率处理可以提高叶片的气孔导度(Gs)、胞间C02浓度(Ci)、蒸腾速率(Tr),较全光照分别高了0.016 mol·m-2·s-1、35.25μmol·mol-1、0.95 mmol·m-2·s-1;重度遮荫则会降低净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率,较全光照分别低了6.01μmol·m-2·s-1、0.064 mol·m-2·s-1、3.15 mmol·m-2·s-1;遮荫可以降低初始荧光(F0)、提高最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ原初光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)、光合量子产额(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、非光化学猝灭系数(qN),避免高温强光对核桃产生的胁迫。(3)五种光照环境中,84%透光率处理下核桃坚果的纵径最长、单果重最重、出仁率最多、产量最高,分别为39.43 mm、13.88 g、69%、4159 kg·hm-2。43%透光率处理显著降低了核桃粗脂肪含量、还原糖含量以及核桃内果皮厚度,较100%透光率分别低了8%、0.127 mg·g-1、2.66 mm,同时显著提高了核桃果仁中的纤维素、单宁、总多酚含量,增加了果实木质化和涩味,降低了果实口感。遮荫可以提高核桃果仁中有机酸、可溶性糖、脂肪酸含量,但各光照处理间无显著性差异。
[Abstract]:This paper explores the impact of agricultural production in walnut planting Joe leaves mutual shading on tree caused. 8 years' temperature of 185 "walnut as experimental material, using artificial shading, different gradient and light treatment of different light treatments on leaf physiological and biochemical index, leaf anatomical structure, effect of light photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics and fruit quality and yield. To explore the influence of shading on walnut production, find a reasonable and effective light illumination conditions and provide a theoretical reference for walnut pruning and rational close planting. The main results are as follows: (1) during the period of hard core, 43% light transmittance of chlorophyll content under high self filling period after 43%. The light transmittance with chlorophyll content is low, 84% light transmittance with chlorophyll content showed a higher level, that a short time and long time severe shading of light shading can increase the chlorophyll content. In addition, 84%. The rate of light treatment, can improve the thickness of spongy tissue, epidermal cell length, palisade tissue / spongy tissue, stomatal length, stomatal size, anatomical structure of leaves can be improved; 43% light transmittance is within a short period of time can increase the chlorophyll content of walnut leaves, increased by 0.913 Mg - g-1 and reached significant level; when the light transmittance of less than 69%, long time shading is not conducive to the accumulation and resistance of walnut tree photosynthesis increased, mainly in the chlorophyll and proline content decreased, MDA content increased. Compared with the light shading treatment can improve the leaf water potential, leaf area, but decreased leaf weight (2) oil. The transformation period, 84% light transmittance could increase the stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular C02 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr), compared with full sunlight were higher by 0.016 mol - m-2 - s-1,35.25 mol - mol-1,0.95 mmol - m-2 - S-1; weight 搴﹂伄鑽�鍒欎細闄嶄綆鍑�鍏夊悎閫熺巼,姘斿瓟瀵煎害,钂歌吘閫熺巼,杈冨叏鍏夌収鍒嗗埆浣庝簡6.01渭mol路m-2路s-1,0.064 mol路m-2路s-1,3.15 mmol路m-2路s-1;閬�鑽�鍙�浠ラ檷浣庡垵濮嬭崸鍏�(F0),鎻愰珮鏈，

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