饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺对民猪仔猪生长性能和空肠发育的影响

发布时间：2018-01-05 02:17

本文关键词：饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺对民猪仔猪生长性能和空肠发育的影响　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民猪是中国地方猪种,具有繁殖力高、抗逆性强、肉品质好等优点。目前,由于缺乏民猪仔猪专用饲料,在民猪养殖过程中容易造成新生仔猪生长迟缓、发育不良,从而导致的生产性能降低等一系列问题。而谷氨酰胺对幼龄动物的肠道健康和营养至关重要。因此本试验以民猪仔猪为研究对象,通过饲养试验以及转录组测序围绕谷氨酰胺对民猪仔猪生长性能和空肠发育进行研究,为开发民猪专用饲料提供理论基础。试验选取体重相近的7日龄民猪仔猪48头,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮+0.98%丙氨酸,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+0.8%L-谷氨酰胺。试验结果如下:1.生长性能:与对照组相比,民猪仔猪平均日增重显著增加(P0.05),平均日采食量差异不显著(P0.05)。腹泻率无显著差异(P0.05),但腹泻频率显著降低(P0.05)。2.血液指标:与对照组相比,试验组血清中总蛋白含量显著升高(P0.05),同时白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素含量也有不同程度提高,但无显著差异(P0.05)。试验组GSH-PX、T-SOD酶活性均有所升高,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。而MDA含量则显著下降(P0.05)。试验组血浆中谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、精氨酸浓度分别升高了13.82%、10.42%、19.64%、17.23%(P0.05)。而试验组甘氨酸与丙氨酸浓度极显著降低,分别降低了25.03%、16.23%(P0.01)。3.空肠绒毛形态:试验组民猪仔猪空肠绒毛高度、绒毛高度与隐窝深度的比值均显著增加,分别增加了7.11%、11.43%(P0.05)。而空肠绒毛宽度和隐窝深度无显著变化(P0.05)。4.血浆抗氧化指标:试验组空肠黏膜中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和总超氧化物岐化酶活性均显著增加,分别提高了15.50%和12.81%(P0.05)。而丙二醛含量显著降低了16.44%(P0.05)。5.ZO-1与Occludin m RNA和蛋白表达:试验组空肠组织中ZO-1的m RNA与蛋白表达量均有升高趋势,但未达到显著水平(P0.05),而空肠组织中Occludin的m RNA与蛋白表达量均差异显著(P0.05)。6.转录组测序结果:使用Illumina平台对民猪仔猪空肠进行转录组测序,总共获得约1.96亿高质量的reads,23.626Gb的碱基总数。试验组与对照组空肠组织中差异表达的基因共有383个,与对照组相比,试验组表达上调的基因有227个,表达下调的基因有156个。通过GO注释,我们发现预测的靶基因参与了不同的生物学过程和分子功能,例如发育过程、抗氧化活性、营养库活性、生长和信号传导。差异基因富集的KEGG途径中,视黄醇代谢、花生四烯酸代谢和亚油酸代谢与动物肠道中的营养调节有关。此外,从测序得到的基因中选择与谷氨酰胺调节肠道功能相关的10个基因进行QPCR验证,发现谷氨酰胺可以调节与民猪仔猪空肠氧化损伤、营养吸收以及肠道通透性相关的基因从而保护肠道健康。结论:民猪仔猪饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺能够有效提高仔猪平均日增重,并一定程度上促进仔猪空肠的发育。
[Abstract]:Min-pig is a local pig breed in China, which has the advantages of high fecundity, strong resistance to stress, good meat quality and so on. At present, due to the lack of special feed for Min-pig piglets, it is easy to cause the growth retardation of newborn piglets in the breeding process. There are a series of problems such as poor development, which results in the decline of production performance. Glutamine is very important to the intestinal health and nutrition of young animals. The effects of glutamine on growth performance and jejunum development of Min-pig piglets were studied by feeding test and transcriptome sequencing. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of the special feed for domestic pigs, 48 piglets of 7 days of similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates in each group. The control group was fed with 0.98% alanine and the experimental group was fed with 0.8 L- glutamine. The results were as follows: 1. Growth performance: compared with the control group. The average daily gain of the piglets increased significantly (P 0.05), but the average daily feed intake was not significantly different from that of the control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in diarrhea rate (P 0.05). Blood index: compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the albumin and globulin. Urea content also increased in varying degrees, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). The activity of GSH-PXX T-SOD increased in the experimental group. However, the content of MDA was significantly decreased in the test group. The plasma glutamate, glutamine and citrullinic acid in the plasma of the experimental group were decreased significantly. Arginine concentration increased by 13.82% and 10.42% and 19.64% and 17.23%, respectively. The concentrations of glycine and alanine decreased significantly in the test group. The jejunal villus morphology: the ratio of villi height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth were significantly increased in the experimental group. There was an increase of 7.11% respectively. The width of villi and the depth of crypt did not change significantly (P0.05). Plasma antioxidant index: the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in jejunal mucosa of the experimental group were significantly increased. The content of malondialdehyde increased by 15.50% and 12.81 respectively, while the content of malondialdehyde decreased significantly (P0.05). The expression of m RNA and protein of ZO-1 in jejunum of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase. 5. The expression of ZO-1 m RNA and protein in the jejunum of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase. But it did not reach the significant level (P0.05). The expression of m RNA and protein of Occludin in jejunum was significantly different from that in jejunum (P0.05). Results of transcriptome sequencing: the Illumina platform was used to sequence the jejunum of Minzhou piglets. A total of 196 million high quality bases of READsN 23.626Gb were obtained. 383 differentially expressed genes were found in jejunum of the trial group and the control group, compared with the control group. In the experiment group, 227 genes were up-regulated and 156 genes were down-regulated. Through go annotation, we found that the predicted target genes were involved in different biological processes and molecular functions, such as developmental processes. Antioxidant activity, nutrition pool activity, growth and signal transduction. Differentially gene enriched KEGG pathway, retinol metabolism. Arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism were related to nutrition regulation in animal intestines. In addition, 10 genes associated with glutamine regulation of intestinal function were selected from the sequenced genes for QPCR validation. It was found that glutamine could regulate the oxidative damage of jejunum in Min-pig piglets. Nutrition absorption and intestinal permeability related genes to protect intestinal health. Conclusion: dietary glutamine supplementation can effectively improve the average daily gain of piglets. And to some extent promote the development of piglets jejunum.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S828.5

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