磷钾肥长期配施对番茄铁、锰、铜、锌吸收分配及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-01-05 02:36

本文关键词：磷钾肥长期配施对番茄铁、锰、铜、锌吸收分配及产量的影响　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本文以科学施肥为最终目的,研究了土壤微量元素对番茄品质产量影响,同时分析了番茄果实中微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌的含量。在28年长期定位施肥实验研究基础上,以番茄'金冠8号'为供试材料,通过研究磷钾肥配施对土壤、番茄植株、番茄果实中微量元素含量的影响,明确番茄中铁、锰、铜、锌的吸收分配,确定不同施肥条件下,微量元素含量的变化情况。同时,通过对不同肥料间配施的研究,探讨磷钾肥配施对番茄产量品质的影响。得出的结论是:1.磷钾肥配施对土壤中铁含量影响并不显著;施有机肥或磷钾肥可以提高土壤锰元素含量,施有机肥与氮磷肥则相反;有机肥与氮肥配施可以提高铜含量;施有机肥可以提高土壤锌元素含量。2.施肥对番茄植株中微量元素含量影响较大。其中磷钾肥配施的情况下可以提升根中铁、锰、铜的含量,但是会导致根中锌含量降低;有机肥与氮磷肥配施使茎部铁含量增加;有机肥与氮钾肥配施或氮磷肥配施均可以提高叶片中铁的含量;有机肥可以降低叶片中锰含量;氮钾肥配施可以增加叶片中铜含量,而有机肥与氮肥配施则降低了叶片中铜含量;有机肥与氮钾肥配施降低了叶片中锌含量。3.施肥对果实中铁、锰、铜、锌含量有较大的影响。其中施有机肥可以降低番茄果实中铁、锰的含量,磷钾肥配施可以提高果实中锰、铜的含量,有机肥与氮肥配施果实中锰、铜含量则有所下降;磷肥单施可以提高果实中锌含量,磷钾肥配施则起相反的作用。4.明确了番茄植株各个部位中微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌所占的分配比例,各施肥处理中番茄铁元素分配表现为地上部均低于地下部,锰元素则相反;有机肥与磷钾肥配施处理番茄铜元素分配表现为地上部低于地下部,其他处理地上部与地下部处于基本平衡状态;施有机肥处理番茄锌分配表现为地上部高于地下部,只施氮肥番茄锌分配表现为地上部低于地下部。5.施肥对番茄单果重及总产量都有所影响,有机无机肥之间的合理配施可以明显提高番茄的产量和单果重;磷钾肥配施对番茄总产量存在一定影响,但是对番茄单果重无显著影响。有机无机肥配施对番茄果实的含糖量,含酸量影响较大,表现为施肥后可以大幅提升瓜果中可溶性糖的含量,同时降低有机酸的含量,从而提高了糖酸比,改善了番茄的风味,提高了番茄的品质及营养性状。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the effect of soil trace elements on tomato quality and yield was studied, and the trace elements Fe, mn and Cu in tomato fruit were analyzed. Zinc content. On the basis of 28 years' long-term fertilization experiment, tomato 'Jinguan 8' was used as the experimental material, through the study of phosphate and potassium fertilizer to soil, tomato plants. The effect of trace element content in tomato fruit, the absorption and distribution of iron, manganese, copper and zinc in tomato, and the change of trace element content under different fertilization conditions were determined. The effect of phosphate and potash fertilizer combination on tomato yield and quality was studied through the study of different fertilizer combinations. The conclusion is: 1. The effect of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combination on soil iron content is not significant. Application of organic fertilizer or phosphate and potassium fertilizer could increase the content of manganese in soil, but organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were opposite. The combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer could increase the copper content. The application of organic fertilizer could increase the content of zinc in soil. 2. Fertilization had a great effect on the content of trace elements in tomato plants. The content of iron, manganese and copper in the roots could be increased by the combination of phosphate and potassium fertilizer. However, the content of zinc in root decreased. Combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer increased iron content in stem. Organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen and potassium fertilizer or nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer can increase the content of iron in leaves. Organic fertilizer can reduce manganese content in leaves; The combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer can increase the copper content in leaves, while organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the content of copper in leaves. Combined application of organic fertilizer and nitrogen and potassium fertilizer decreased the content of Zn in leaves. Fertilization had a great effect on the contents of Fe, mn, Cu and Zn in fruit. Organic fertilizer could reduce the content of Fe and mn in tomato fruit. The content of mn and Cu in fruit could be increased by combined application of phosphate and potash, but the content of mn and Cu in fruit was decreased by applying organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer alone can increase the content of zinc in the fruit, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer combined with application plays the opposite role. 4. The distribution ratio of trace elements Fe, mn, Cu and Zn in tomato plant was determined. In each fertilization treatment, the distribution of iron elements in tomato was lower than that in underground part, but manganese element was opposite. The distribution of Cu in tomato treated with organic fertilizer and phosphate and potash fertilizer was lower than that of underground part, and the other treatments were in basic equilibrium state. The zinc distribution of tomato treated by organic fertilizer was higher than that of underground part, and that of nitrogen fertilizer was lower than that of underground part. 5. The effect of fertilization on the weight of single fruit and total yield of tomato was also found. The reasonable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers could significantly increase the yield and fruit weight of tomato. The combined application of phosphate and potash fertilizer had some effect on the total yield of tomato, but had no significant effect on the single fruit weight of tomato. The combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer had a great effect on the sugar content and acid content of tomato fruit. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar in melon and fruit could be increased after fertilization, and the content of organic acid was decreased, thus the ratio of sugar to acid was increased, the flavor of tomato was improved, and the quality and nutritional character of tomato were improved.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S641.2

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