日光温室黄瓜肥水气一体化施用研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 14:00

本文关键词：日光温室黄瓜肥水气一体化施用研究　出处：《河南科技大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本研究以碳酸氢铵为原料,利用CO_2发生器,加热后通过磷酸过滤,产生CO_2,并在过滤液中加入钾肥(N:K=1:1.8)通过灌溉施加到土壤中来对黄瓜进行处理。探究出碳酸氢铵和磷酸的最佳用量配比,通过在黄瓜苗期和大田结果期的施用,探究了肥水气配合施用在生产中对黄瓜的生理状况的影响。以期为黄瓜生产中该项技术的使用提供科学依据,为精准化农业研究提供基础。主要的研究结果如下:1.在肥水气一体化处理条件下,运用CO_2发生器,当原材料碳酸氢铵和磷酸的摩尔比为1.6:1时,所得溶液pH最适宜黄瓜生长。肥水气一体化处理植株的株高、干重、鲜重上显著高于对照组,较对照分别高出26.08%、41.40%、29.66%。同时还促进苗期黄瓜茎的生长,以及提高壮苗指数,但对大田中黄瓜的茎粗没有明显提高。2.在晴天日光温室内,环境中CO_2浓度曲线为倒“几”字型,最低为400μL/L,并维持较长一段时间,因此,对设施内黄瓜进行CO_2的补充很有必要。经过处理后,CO_2可维持在800μL/L以上1.5 h。最高可达1170μL/L符合黄瓜生长对CO_2的需求。3.该项配套施肥技术可明显增加黄瓜叶片的叶绿素含量和黄瓜根系活力,对大田中黄瓜的类胡萝卜素含量没有显著影响。同时还提高了苗期以及结果期黄瓜的光合速率以及胞间CO_2浓度,促进了植物的光合作用,对大田结果期黄瓜叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率有减弱作用,对苗期黄瓜叶片的气孔导度没有明显的影响,增加了黄瓜的水分利用效率。4.在养分转化过程中,土壤酶起着重要作用,可作为反映土壤肥力状况以及生物学性状的灵敏指标。与对照相比,肥水气一体化技术处理,对土壤的β-葡糖苷酶、β-纤维二糖苷酶和磷酸酶有显著促进作用,对脲酶没有显著影响。5.肥水气一体化处理显著提高了叶片中硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性,促进了光合速率的增加。在果实品质方面,促进了果实中氨基酸和可溶性糖含量的增加,但对蛋白质含量没有显著影响。同时,增施氮肥后果实中硝酸盐含量没有发生显著性变化,这表明肥水气一体化处理显著提高了黄瓜果实的品质。肥水气配合施用还可以显著提高黄瓜的总产量和单果重,较对照分别高出9.70%、6.81%。单株较对照增产0.16 kg。
[Abstract]:In this study, using ammonium bicarbonate as raw materials, the use of CO_2 generator, heated by phosphoric acid to produce CO_2, filtering, and adding potassium in the filtrate (N:K=1:1.8) applied to the soil through irrigation for treatment on cucumber. Explore the ammonium hydrogen carbonate and phosphoric acid, the optimal ratio, the results of Cucumber at seedling and field period the application, to explore the affect of water fertilizer combined application in the production of cucumber physiological conditions. In order to provide the scientific basis for the use of cucumber production in this technology, and provide the basis for precision agriculture research. The main results are as follows: 1. in fertilizer water integrated treatment conditions, the use of CO_2 generator, molar ratio as raw materials, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and phosphoric acid was 1.6:1, the solution pH was the most suitable growth of cucumber. Fertilizer moisture integrated treatment plant height, dry weight, fresh weight was significantly higher than the control group, compared with the 26. higher respectively. 08%, 41.40%, 29.66%. also promote cucumber seedlings growth of stems, and improve seedling index of Cucumber in the field, but the stem diameter did not significantly improve.2. on sunny days in the greenhouse environment CO_2 concentration curve inverted "" shape, the minimum is 400 L/L, and maintain a longer period of time, therefore, it is necessary to add CO_2 to the facilities of cucumber. After treatment, the CO_2 can be maintained at 800 L/L above 1.5 h. up to 1170 L/L with cucumber growth and demand for CO_2.3. the corresponding fertilization technique can significantly increase cucumber leaf chlorophyll content and root activity of cucumber, cucumber in the field of carotenoids the content has no significant effect. At the same time also increased the seedling period and the photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO_2 concentration, promote plant photosynthesis, the field results of cucumber leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rate The weakening effect on Seedling of cucumber leaves, stomatal conductance was not significantly affected by increased water use efficiency of cucumber.4. on nutrient transformation, soil enzyme plays an important role, can be used to reflect the soil fertility and biological characters of sensitive index. Compared with the control, fertilizer integration technology on soil moisture treatment, the beta glucosidase, beta glucosidase and fiber two phosphatase had significant promoting effect, no significant effect of integrated treatment of.5. fertilizer significantly increased the moisture in the leaves of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activity of urease, promoted the increase of photosynthetic rate. In the fruit quality, promote the increase of amino acids and soluble sugar content of fruit in, but had no significant effect on protein content. At the same time, increase the content of nitrate nitrogen in fruit had no significant change, which indicates that a body of water and fertilizer The quality of cucumber fruit was significantly improved. The combined application of fertilizer and water could significantly increase the total yield and fruit weight of cucumber, which was 9.70% higher than that of the control. The yield of 6.81%. increased by 0.16 kg. compared with the control.

【学位授予单位】：河南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626;S642.2

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