泰山松花粉多糖对ALV-J不同接种途径诱导的鸡群免疫抑制的免疫调理作用

发布时间：2018-01-09 22:23

本文关键词：泰山松花粉多糖对ALV-J不同接种途径诱导的鸡群免疫抑制的免疫调理作用　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：家禽免疫抑制病是养禽业中不可忽视的重大疫病之一,其传染因子通过侵害家禽的免疫系统、免疫器官、免疫细胞而造成鸡群疫苗免疫失败、病原继发感染和病原混合感染,导致禽业生产损失严重。免疫抑制病由于其亚临床感染及极易误诊的免疫抑制形成巨大的潜在危害性,使疫病防控面临严峻形势和巨大挑战。禽白血病(Avian Leucosis,AL)是由ALV(Avian Leukosis Virus)和ASV(Avian Sarcoma Virus)感染引起的肿瘤性免疫抑制病。J亚群禽白血病病毒(Subgroup J avian leucosis virus,ALV-J)是具有更强致病性和感染性的新亚型,可产生多种肿瘤,诱发鸡群死亡,造成亚临床感染及免疫抑制等不容忽视的危害。ALV-J具有比其他禽白血病亚型更快更强的水平传播能力,雏鸡出壳后是ALV-J发生水平传播的一个重要时期,不同接触及接种途径均可导致ALV-J水平感染,但不同接种途径诱导的雏鸡免疫抑制情况尚未明确,亟待探究。本实验室前期研究的泰山松花粉多糖(Taishan pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide,TPPPS)免疫增强和抗病毒活性显著,经注射给药能够有效缓解B亚群禽白血病病毒的致病性,但TPPPS注射给药不仅会给机体造成应激而且也不利于生产应用,目前TPPPS口服给药的作用效果及其对ALV-J早期水平感染的调理作用亟需探究。鉴于上述研究背景,本研究首先通过建立ALV-J不同接种途径的人工感染雏鸡模型,分析ALV-J不同感染途径诱导雏鸡免疫抑制程度的差异,以评价ALV-J不同水平传播途径对鸡的感染力和致病力。1日龄SPF鸡分别经口服、点眼、腹腔注射、肌肉注射途径感染ALV-J,监测各感染组鸡只的生长性能、带毒和排毒规律,并对其病毒血症、相关免疫学指标及抗体反应进行动态检测。结果发现,各感染组鸡的生长性能和免疫应答水平存在明显差异。从感染后第2周开始腹腔注射和肌肉注射组可检出泄殖腔排毒和病毒血症,此后持续带毒、排毒;体重、免疫器官指数、CD~(4+)和CD~(8+)T淋巴细胞数、细胞因子(IL-2、IL-4和IFN-γ)分泌量以及淋巴细胞转化率显著低于对照组;抗体转阳不明显。而口服、点眼感染组与对照组相比引起的免疫抑制程度并不显著。结果表明,低日龄雏鸡感染ALV-J易造成免疫抑制,其中腹腔注射和肌肉注射感染造成鸡体带毒、排毒和免疫抑制的能力最强。本研究明确了鸡群ALV-J水平传播的不同途径与鸡的感染力、免疫抑制力之间的关系,为研究ALV-J的感染机制、种群净化以及防控提供了理论依据。其次,为了探讨TPPPS对ALV-J不同接种途径诱导1日龄SPF雏鸡免疫抑制的免疫调理作用,本研究分别经口服、点眼、腹腔注射、肌肉注射模拟水平传播感染ALV-J,同时连续10 d口服给予TPPPS,分别对各组试验鸡体重及免疫器官指数、带毒、排毒及抗体、相关免疫学指标进行检测比较。结果显示,饲喂多糖组与接毒组相比,试验鸡体重及免疫器官指数抑制程度得到改善,血液带毒及泄殖腔排毒量降低,抗体分泌提前、分泌量增加,T淋巴细胞转化率、IL-2及IFN-γ细胞因子分泌量、CD~(4+)和CD~(8+)T细胞数提升较大,其中以腹腔注射和肌肉注射组TPPPS的免疫调理作用最显著,而健康对照组饲喂TPPPS后试验鸡相关免疫指标水平提高。本试验结果揭示了TPPPS对健康雏鸡具有一定的免疫增强作用,口服TPPPS对不同水平传播途径感染ALV-J引起的免疫抑制具有免疫调理作用,TPPPS可作为有效免疫增强剂以防控ALV-J早期水平感染,降低其免疫抑制程度,减少经济损失。
[Abstract]:Poultry immunosuppressive disease is one of the major diseases that can not be ignored in the poultry industry, the infectious agent through the immune system against poultry immune organs, immune cells caused by the failure of chicken vaccine, secondary infection and mixed infection of pathogenic pathogens, resulting in the production of poultry loss serious. Immunosuppressive diseases due to the subclinical infection and misdiagnosis of immunosuppression formed huge potential hazards, the disease prevention and control is facing the grim situation and challenge. Avian leukosis (Avian Leucosis, AL) by ALV (Avian Leukosis Virus) and ASV (Avian Sarcoma Virus) tumor immunity infection caused by suppression of disease of avian leukosis virus subgroup.J (Subgroup J avian leucosis virus, ALV-J) is a new subtype has stronger pathogenicity and infection, can produce a variety of tumor induced deaths of chickens, harm.ALV-J subclinical infection and immune suppression can not be ignored Compared with the horizontal transmission ability of other avian leukemia subtypes faster, chicks after hatching is an important period of ALV-J level of communication, contact and different inoculation routes can lead to ALV-J infection, but chicken immunity induced by different inoculation pathway inhibition is not yet clear, needs to be explored. Our previous studies of Taishan pine pollen polysaccharides (Taishan Pinus massoniana pollen polysaccharide, TPPPS) immune and antiviral activity significantly, the pathogenicity of injection can effectively alleviate the avian leukosis virus subgroup B, but TPPPS injection administration will not only give the body caused by stress but also not conducive to the production application, at present TPPPS oral medicine and its effect on ALV-J early infection level conditioning to explore. In view of the above research background, this study first through the establishment of ALV-J inoculation approaches of artificial infection. Chicken model, analysis the difference of degree of immunosuppression induced with different routes of infection ALV-J, to evaluate the different levels of ALV-J transmission on chicken infectivity and pathogenicity of.1 day old SPF chickens were inoculated by oral, intraperitoneal injection, intramuscular injection of ALV-J infection, the infection group monitoring only the chicken growth performance, and poison the law and the detoxification, viremia, immunological indexes and antibody response was measured. The results showed that there are significant differences in growth performance and immune response of chickens infected group. The infection from second weeks after intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection group was detectable viremia and cloaca, then continued to take poison, detoxification; body weight, immune organ index, CD~ (4+) and CD~ (8+) T lymphocytes, cytokines (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN- gamma) secretion and lymphocyte transformation rate was significantly lower than the control group; antibody and export is not obvious. Clothing, eye infection group compared with the control group induced immune suppression level is not significant. The results show that the low age of chickens infected with ALV-J may cause immunosuppression, including intraperitoneal injection and intramuscular injection of infection caused by chicken body with poison, detoxification and immune suppression is the strongest. This study clearly appeal in different ways and chicken group of horizontal transmission of ALV-J, immune suppression force relationship between, for the study of the mechanism of ALV-J infection and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of population and purification. Secondly, in order to investigate the immune TPPPS of ALV-J induced by different inoculation ways of 1 day old SPF chickens immune suppression of opsonization, this study respectively by oral, eye, intraperitoneal injection simulation, intramuscular injection of horizontal transmission of ALV-J infection, and oral administration of TPPPS for 10 d, respectively, on body weight and immune organs of chickens infected, index, detoxification and antibody related immunomarkers check Comparison test. The results showed that feeding polysaccharide group compared with inoculation group, body weight and immune organ index in chickens inhibition degree is improved, the blood poison and cloacal detoxification decreased, antibody secretion in advance, secretion increased, T lymphocyte transformation rate, IL-2 and IFN- gamma cytokine secretion, CD~ (4+) and CD~ (8+) T cell number increase greatly, the immune peritoneal injection and intramuscular injection group TPPPS conditioning the most significant effect, and the healthy control group after feeding TPPPS chickens related immune indicators to improve the level of. The test results revealed that TPPPS has a certain immune enhancing effect on healthy chickens, immune oral TPPPS of different levels of communication infection caused by ALV-J inhibition of immune function, TPPPS can be used as an effective immune enhancer to control the level of ALV-J at early stage of infection, reduce the immune suppression and reduce economic losses.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S858.31

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