盘锦长财农机合作社水稻育秧机械化生产模式分析

发布时间：2018-01-10 07:24

本文关键词：盘锦长财农机合作社水稻育秧机械化生产模式分析　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水稻机插作业能极大提高劳动效率、降低劳动强度,但同时对育苗播种环节的标准化生产提出了更高的要求。为适应机插要求,水稻从育秧起机械化作业势在必行。本文论述了盘锦地区水稻温室冷棚育秧环节机械化作业的过程。随着机械化的水稻育秧播种机的发展,水稻温室冷棚育秧盘制作技术从软盘育秧发展到现在的硬盘育秧,硬盘育秧技术更能保证水稻秧长成后的相对位置尺寸,更符合机插要求。水稻育秧流水线技术在播种前需对进行种子预处理和营养土配置。其中种子预处理过程需使用包衣机进行种子包衣,包衣以后的种子与营养土作为生产原料加入育秧流水线,育秧流水线配合秧盘运输机将制作好的秧盘直接运送到温室大棚。本文在介绍了水稻机械化育秧的基础上,主要研究内容如下:(1)分析了盘锦地区农业基本情况与水稻生产现状。在运营模式上,以大洼区的长财农机合作社为典型,讨论了长财农机合作社的经营管理模式包括农机与土地营收、果园、鱼塘等特色经营方式并存;分析了长财合作社的兴办方式、利益分配等问题。(2)明确了水稻机械化育秧的生产工艺过程。水稻机械化育秧的具体工艺为晒种、催芽(浸种、消毒)、包衣、育秧播种、秧盘运输、棚室温湿度监测。其中消毒、浸种、催芽在同一设备内进行。催芽、包衣、育秧播种、种盘运输全部实现机械化作业。棚室温湿度采用传感器检测系统实现远程无线监测,在育秧棚内温湿度超出规定范围时发出报警信号,提高棚室温湿度监测效率。(3)调研了上述生产工艺机械的基本参数和所需的经济投入,建立了水稻育秧生产经济技术模型,并横向与人工生产进行效益对比,得出了机械化生产效益较高时所需生产产量的最小规模,同时，，由于机械效率的限制,计算出机械生产的最大规模。(4)针对长财农机合作社36万盘秧苗规模的机械生产设备进行了规模分析,重点分析了催芽设备、包衣机、育秧播种机、出苗运输机的的适宜规模,根据机械的最大和最小规模,为机具合理配备提供了理论依据。(5)确定了长财农机合作社36万盘秧苗的合理配备机具,建立了现金流量表,并通过对该方案下的机具技术分析得知,在基准利率为3%的情况下内部收益率17%,净现值220万元,投资回收期5.24年,经济效益好,为合作社购买并配备机具提供了理论参考。
[Abstract]:Rice machine planting can greatly improve the labor efficiency and reduce the labor intensity, but at the same time, it puts forward higher requirements for the standardized production of seeding links. It is imperative to mechanize rice seedling raising. This paper discusses the mechanization process of rice seedling raising in cold greenhouse in Panjin area. With the development of mechanized rice seedling planter. The production technology of rice seedling tray in cold greenhouse has developed from floppy disc to hard disk. The hard disk technology can guarantee the relative size of rice seedling after growing. The pipeline technique of rice seedling cultivation needs seed pretreatment and nutrient soil configuration before sowing. The seed pretreatment process needs to use coating machine for seed coating. The seed and nutritious soil after coating were added as raw materials to raise pipeline seedling. The rice seedling raised by pipeline was transported directly to the greenhouse shed with the seedling tray conveyor. This paper introduces the mechanization of rice seedling raising. The main research contents are as follows: 1) the basic situation of agriculture and the present situation of rice production in Panjin area are analyzed. In the operation mode, the Changcai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative in Dawa area is taken as a typical example. This paper discusses the management mode of Changcai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, including the coexistence of agricultural machinery and land revenue, orchards and fishponds, etc. The production process of mechanized rice seedling raising is made clear. The specific technology of mechanized rice seedling raising is sun-seeding, sprouting (soaking seed, sterilizing). Coating, seeding, tray transport, greenhouse temperature and humidity monitoring. Disinfection, seed soaking, sprout in the same equipment. The temperature and humidity of the shed can be monitored by the sensor system, and the alarm signal will be sent out when the temperature and humidity in the seedling raising shed exceed the specified range. To improve the efficiency of temperature and humidity monitoring in the shed, the basic parameters and economic input of the above mentioned production technology machinery were investigated, and the economic and technical model of rice seedling production was established. By comparing the benefits of horizontal production with manual production, the minimum scale of production output is obtained when mechanized production is of high benefit, and at the same time, due to the limitation of mechanical efficiency. The largest scale of mechanical production was calculated. (4) based on the analysis of mechanical production equipment of 360,000 plates of seedling scale in Changcai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative, the paper emphatically analyzed the equipment for promoting bud, coating machine and seeding machine for raising seedling. According to the maximum and minimum scale of machinery, the suitable scale of seedling conveyer provides a theoretical basis for the reasonable allocation of machinery and tools.) the reasonable allocation of 360,000 plates of seedlings in Changcai Agricultural Machinery Cooperative is determined. The cash flow statement is established, and through the technical analysis of the machine under the scheme, the internal rate of return is 17, net present value is 2.2 million yuan, and the investment payback period is 5.24 years under the condition of the benchmark interest rate of 3%. The economic benefit is good, which provides a theoretical reference for the cooperative to purchase and equip with machines and tools.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S233.71

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