生草对蜜柚园生态环境及果树生长发育的影响

发布时间：2018-01-12 18:19

本文关键词：生草对蜜柚园生态环境及果树生长发育的影响　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目前,我国蜜柚种植面积已达195万亩,福建省种植面积约65万亩,约占全国的1/3,是广大果农的致富果,小康果。而目前我国蜜柚种植方式仍然采用传统的裸地栽培模式。但传统的清耕栽培模式会破坏果园生态环境,导致果园土壤退化,水土流失等,甚至还会抑制果树的生长发育和降低果实品质。果园生草是目前发达国家应用最广泛的一种果园栽培模式,可以良好的改善果园生态环境,有利于促进果树生长发育和提高果实品质。因此本文选择在蜜柚果园套种6种不同牧草进行比较研究,为蜜柚园可持续高效栽培模式提供理论依据。本研究在福建省漳州市平和县小溪镇锦溪集团的t/溪蜜柚园中进行,种植不同品种的牧草——印度豇豆(Vigna sesquipedalis)、圆叶决明(Chamaecrista rotundifolia)、箭舌豌豆(Vicia sativa)、紫花苜蒂(Medicagosativa)、宽叶雀稗(Paspalumwettsteinii)、百喜草(Paspalum),以清耕为对照,测定蜜柚园的空气温湿度、土壤理化性质、果树生长以及果实品质等大量数据,分析研究了生草与清耕之间、不同牧草品种之间的差异性和效应,具体结果如下:1、得到生草对蜜柚园小气候的影响规律。蜜柚园生草后,可以降低高温时的果园空气温度,最高可降低1℃,同时还能削弱空气温度的波动,起到缓冲效果;提高果园空气湿度,在晴天最高可提升8.55%;降低果园地空气温度,且温度越高降温效果越明显;提高果园土壤含水量,其中宽叶雀稗最高可提升了 25.89%。2、明确生草对蜜柚园土壤性质的影响。蜜柚园生草可以使强酸性土壤有提升趋势,其中圆叶决明提高最为明显;可以显著地提高土壤有机质含量,其中百喜草在0-60cm 土层可以提高62.65%;果园生草后还会显著地提高土壤的氮、磷、钾含量,其中豆科牧草由于其根系具有固氮效果,所以对全氮和速效氮含量地提高优于禾本科牧草,而禾本科牧草对速效磷含量地提高优于豆科牧草。3、蜜柚园生草可以显著地提高土壤微生物含量和土壤酶活性,试验结果表明,种植豆科牧草在提高细菌、真菌含量以及脲酶活性均于禾本科牧草,而种植禾本科牧草在提高放线菌含量和蔗糖酶活性均优于豆科牧草4、得到生草对蜜柚生长发育及果实品质的影响。(1)蜜柚园生草能够不同程度的提高果树的光合速率,其中宽叶雀稗提高最为显著,同时还能缓解日光合作用出现的"午休现象";(2)果园生草对蜜柚新枝生长的影响,其中除了箭舌豌豆对果树生长有抑制的趋势之外,其他草种均可以明显地促进果树新枝地生长,其中圆叶决明促进最为显著;(3)果园生草还能不同程度地提高蜜柚的品质,能够显著地提高蜜柚的单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和Vc含量,同时还能降低果实的可溶性酸含量。5、综合生草对蜜柚园小气候、土壤性质、土壤微生物和酶活性,蜜柚树生长和果实品质的影响,进行评价,筛选出最适宜蜜柚园套种的牧草,得出圆叶决明的效果最明显,其次是紫花苜蓿和宽叶雀稗。
[Abstract]:At present, pomelo planting area in China has reached 1 million 950 thousand acres, planting area in Fujian province is about 650 thousand mu, accounting for about 1/3, is the vast majority of farmers get rich fruit, a fruit. At present, pomelo cultivation method is used. The traditional cultivation pattern. But the traditional tillage cultivation pattern of orchard will destroy the ecological environment, in the orchard soil degradation, soil erosion, or even inhibit the growth of fruit trees and fruit quality reduced. Orchard is an orchard cultivation mode is currently the most widely used in developed countries, can improve the environment of orchard, is conducive to promoting the growth of fruit trees and improve fruit quality. So this paper makes a comparative study on pomelo orchard interplanting 6 different grass species, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable and efficient cultivation mode. In this study, Fujian pomelo Garden City in Zhangzhou province Pinghe County Town Creek Jinxi group t/ pomelo In the garden, India grass planting different varieties of cowpea (Vigna sesquipedalis), chamaecristarotundifolia (Chamaecrista rotundifolia), vetch (Vicia sativa), alfalfa pedicle (Medicagosativa), Paspalum wettsteinii (Paspalumwettsteinii), bahiagrass (Paspalum), with clean tillage as control, determination of air temperature and humidity of pomelo orchard, soil physicochemical properties, fruit growth and fruit quality of large amount of data, analysis of the grass and clean tillage, the difference and effect between different forage varieties, the results are as follows: 1, the law of influence on the grass garden microclimate. Pomelo pomelo orchard, can orchard the air temperature decreases at high temperature, is reduced up to 1 DEG C, and can weaken the air temperature fluctuations, play a buffer effect; increase the air humidity, in the sunny day, the highest can reach 8.55%; reduce the orchard air temperature, and the higher the temperature cooling effect The fruit is more obvious; improve orchard soil moisture, which Paspalum wettsteinii highest can enhance the 25.89%.2 effect, clear grass on soil properties of pomelo garden. Pomelo orchard can make strong acidic soil improvement trend, which chamaecristarotundifolia improved most significantly; can significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, which Bahia grass in 0-60cm soil layer can be increased by 62.65%; also the orchard grass after significantly increased soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content, including legumes due to its root has the effect of nitrogen fixation, so to improve the content of total nitrogen and available nitrogen is better than that of grasses, and grasses better than legume.3 on the content of available phosphorus. Pomelo orchard can significantly improve the content of soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity. The test results show that the increase in planting legume bacteria, fungi content and urease activity in the grass, and Planting grasses in improving the content of actinomycetes and invertase activity were better than 4 legume, grass growth and fruit quality of pomelo. (1) pomelo orchard to fruit trees increased the photosynthetic rate of Paspalum wettsteinii increased most significantly, but also relieve the in cooperation with the "midday depression"; (2) effect on growth of pomelo orchard grass shoots, which in addition to vetch have trend to inhibit the growth of fruit trees and other species can obviously promote the growth of new branches of fruit trees, which is the most significant promotion of chamaecristarotundifolia; (3) orchard grass can increase the quality of pomelo, pomelo can significantly improve fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar content and Vc content, but also reduce.5 soluble acid content of fruit, grass of pomelo Garden comprehensive climate and soil Quality, soil microorganism and enzyme activity, evaluate the effects of growth and fruit quality of grapefruit tree, screening out the most suitable pomelo garden interplanting herbage, the most obvious that chamaecristarotundifolia effect, followed by alfalfa and Paspalum wettsteinii.

【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S666.3;S54

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