纳米硅肥对水稻抗早衰和增产作用研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 03:00

本文关键词：纳米硅肥对水稻抗早衰和增产作用研究　出处：《浙江大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

更多相关文章：水稻 MATLAB 电镜图 衰老 纳米硅 产量

【摘要】：硅作为植物生长所需的有益元素,对众多作物尤其是水稻生长过程中抗逆境胁迫及提高产量有重要作用。但目前国内对于硅肥的研究较少,施用并未得到太多重视。纳米二氧化硅作为一种新型硅素肥料,其应用更是很少报道。因此,本文以水稻为试验对象,通过施用纳米二氧化硅,来研究纳米硅对水稻结构抗性和生理抗性的影响,以及硅肥对水稻产量提升的作用效果。主要研究结果如下:(1)在不同硅肥(硅酸盐和纳米硅)和不同施肥方式(叶施和根施)的试验条件下,施硅处理均显著提高单位面积内乳突的面积和硅化细胞数量,而对硅化细胞的大小并没有显著影响。其中根施纳米硅肥对水稻叶片表面硅质化效果最为明显,其对乳突和硅化细胞的作用均达到极显著水平。(2)水稻离体叶片在衰老过程中,施用纳米硅肥和经过纳米硅处理均对叶片中MDA含量和SOD、CAT的活性产生重要影响。经过硅处理的试验组中,MDA含量在离体的不同时期有不同程度的增加,SOD和CAT活性也在不同时期存在不同程度的增强。说明硅能增强水稻叶片在衰老条件下的抵抗能力,对于水稻抗衰老有重要作用。(3)在不同试验条件下均发现,施用硅肥后对于水稻产量的增加具有促进作用。在水稻整个生育期施硅对于水稻增产效果最明显,而在水稻生育后期补施硅肥可直接增强叶片中叶绿素含量,从而增强光合作用,并促进稻zB对硅的吸收。同时,试验也表明硅肥并不能完全替代农药发挥防治病害的功能。综上所述,本研究结果证明纳米硅肥不仅能提高水稻叶片表面结构硅质化效果,而且在叶片衰老过程中还能调节体内多向生理机能来增强抗衰老的能力,同时还能在一定程度上提高水稻产量。
[Abstract]:Silicon, as a beneficial element for plant growth, plays an important role in resistance to stress and increasing yield of many crops, especially rice. However, there is little research on silicon fertilizer in China. Application of nano-silica as a new type of silicon fertilizer, its application is rarely reported. Therefore, this paper takes rice as the experimental object, through the application of nano-silica. To study the effects of nano-silicon on the structural and physiological resistance of rice. The main results are as follows: 1) under different conditions of silicon fertilizer (silicate and nano-silicon) and different fertilization methods (leaf application and root application). Application of silicon significantly increased the area of mastoid and the number of silicated cells in unit area, but had no significant effect on the size of silicated cells, among which the effect of root application of nano-silicon fertilizer on the silicification of rice leaves was the most obvious. Its effect on mastoid and silicide cells reached a very significant level. 2) during senescence of rice leaves in vitro, the content of MDA and SOD in leaves were both affected by the application of nano-silicon fertilizer and the treatment of nano-silicon. The activity of CAT in the experimental group treated with silicon increased in different degrees at different periods in vitro. The activities of SOD and CAT also increased in different stages, indicating that silicon could enhance the resistance of rice leaves under the condition of senescence. It has an important effect on rice senescence resistance. 3) it was found under different experimental conditions. The application of silicon fertilizer can promote the increase of rice yield. The effect of silicon application on rice yield is the most obvious during the whole growth period of rice, but the supplementation of silicon fertilizer can directly increase the chlorophyll content of leaves in the later stage of rice growth. In order to enhance photosynthesis, and promote the absorption of rice ZB to silicon. At the same time, the experiment also shows that silicon fertilizer can not completely replace pesticides to play the role of disease control. The results show that nano-silicon fertilizer can not only improve the silicification effect of rice leaf surface structure, but also regulate the multi-directional physiological function in the process of leaf senescence to enhance the ability of anti-senescence. At the same time, it can also improve the yield of rice to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S511

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