秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机设计与试验

发布时间：2018-01-15 03:13

本文关键词：秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机设计与试验　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：秸秆深埋还田是农作物秸秆资源综合利用的有效方式,是减少污染、培肥地力的重要手段。秸秆深埋还田的开沟作业是秸秆深埋还田机械化作业的主要环节,现阶段秸秆深埋还田的开沟机械在开沟时没有进行灭茬作业,在土壤中根茬的作用下,开沟时往往掀起较大垡块,影响秸秆深埋还田的效果。所以秸秆深还后需要对根茬和土垡进行二次粉碎,增加了作业次数及作业成本。论文结合吉林省榆树市通过运用秸秆深埋还田机械进行的秸秆深埋还田试验,针对现有开沟机的缺点,研制了一种能够应用于大田秸秆深埋还田作业并将开沟和灭茬功能集于一体的开沟灭茬机,该机能在秸秆深埋还田作业模式中完成开沟工序的同时进行灭茬碎土作业。并对该机器进行了田间性能试验,确定了秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机最优的设计参数。(1)确定了秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机总体结构设计方案。介绍了整机的结构与工作原理,并对机具的关键零部件进行了设计,在关键零部件的设计中,主要设计了导向装置、灭茬碎土装置和开沟装置,并对机具配套动力进行了选择。(2)利用Solidworks软件和ANSYS软件分别对秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机进行模型的建立组装和仿真分析。在建模设计,可以检查机器的配合,使机器的结构更加合理,避免了机器研制过程中可能造成的不必要的浪费。通过仿真分析可以检验机器的合理性,得出关键部件易损耗部位,及在使用过程中应注意可能造成机械故障的部分,方便用户使用。(3)对样机在田间进行了优化试验,作业质量满足农艺要求。试验设计了导向铲入土深度、灭茬部件转速、灭茬部件入土深度对机器阻力和灭茬碎土率的影响,结果表明三个因素对机器作业阻力影响的主次顺序为导向铲入土深度、灭茬部件入土深度、灭茬部件转速。三个因素对灭茬碎土率影响的主次顺序为灭茬部件转速、灭茬部件入土深度、导向铲入土深度。最后得出导向铲入土深度为100 mm、灭茬部件转速340 r/min、灭茬部件入土深度为60 mm时,机器的灭茬碎土率可以到达96.3%以上,该样机具有很好的碎土效果并能保证开沟质量。垄深的稳定性、沟底和沟面宽度稳定性和沟型的平整度都符合国家标准规定的玉米种植垄形指标,为以后机器的改进提供了参考。(4)对秸秆深埋还田开沟灭茬机的作业时间利用率、作业效率和经济性分析进行了调查测量分析,对调查测量的数据进行分析处理,得出机组的作业时间利用率为73.7%,作业效率为5.926 hm2/h、总作业效率4.136 hm2/h和单位功率作业效率0.0672 hm2/(h-kW),可以满足作业要求。最后提出了提高机械作业效率的建议。
[Abstract]:Returning straw to field is an effective way of comprehensive utilization of crop straw resources and an important means to reduce pollution and increase soil fertility. At this stage, the furrow opening machine with deep straw burying and returning to the field did not carry out stubble cutting operation. Under the action of the stubble in the soil, the furrow block was often raised when the furrow was opened. The effect of deep burying straw back to the field. So after the straw deep need to root stubble and soil furrow secondary comminution. The paper combined with Yushu City Jilin Province through the use of straw deep burying machinery to return straw deep back to the field test aiming at the shortcomings of the existing trench opener. A furrow stubble cutting machine which can be applied to the deep burying of straw in the field and which integrates the functions of furrow opening and stubble cutting is developed. The machine can finish the operation of furrow opening in the operation mode of straw deep burying and returning to the field, and at the same time, it can carry out stubble and soil crushing operation, and the field performance test of this machine has been carried out. The optimum design parameters of the stubble machine for deep burying and returning to the field were determined. (1) the overall structure design scheme of the stubble machine was determined. The structure and working principle of the machine were introduced. In the design of the key parts, the guiding device, the stubble crushing device and the ditch opening device are mainly designed. The matching power of machine and tools is selected. Solidworks software and ANSYS software were used to build and assemble the model and simulate the stubble machine. The cooperation of the machine can be checked, the structure of the machine is more reasonable, and the unnecessary waste may be avoided in the process of machine development. The rationality of the machine can be checked by simulation analysis. The key parts are easy to wear out and the parts that may cause mechanical failure should be paid attention to in the process of use, which is convenient for the user to use.) the prototype is optimized in the field. The working quality meets the agronomic requirements. The effects of the depth of the guide shovel, the rotation speed of the stubble parts and the depth of the stubble parts on the machine resistance and the rate of stubble breaking soil were designed. The results show that the main and secondary order of the influence of the three factors on the resistance of the machine is the depth of the shovel and the soil depth of the stubble parts. Rotation speed of stubble parts. The main and secondary order of the influence of three factors on the rate of stubble broken soil is the rotation speed of stubble parts, the depth of soil penetration of stubble parts, and the depth of penetration of guided shovel. Finally, the depth of soil penetration of guided shovel is 100 mm. When the rotation speed of stubble parts is 340r / min and the depth of stubble parts is 60mm, the rate of stubble breaking can reach more than 96.3%. The prototype has good soil breaking effect and can guarantee the quality of furrow, the stability of furrow depth, the stability of furrow bottom and furrow surface width and the flatness of furrow type, all of which accord with the corn planting ridge shape index stipulated by the national standard. This paper provides a reference for the improvement of the machine in the future) and makes an investigation, measurement and analysis on the utilization ratio of working time, operation efficiency and economic analysis of the stubble opener for the deep burying of straw into the field. By analyzing and processing the survey data, it is concluded that the operating time utilization ratio of the unit is 73.7 and the operating efficiency is 5.926 hm2/h. The total operating efficiency of 4.136 hm2/h and the unit power efficiency of 0.0672 hm2 / 2 / h ~ (h-kWN) can meet the operational requirements. Finally, some suggestions for improving the efficiency of mechanical operation are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.29

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