苜蓿遗传多样性及3个主栽品种的产草量和品质分析

发布时间：2018-01-16 00:13

本文关键词：苜蓿遗传多样性及3个主栽品种的产草量和品质分析　出处：《安徽科技学院》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：苜蓿作为优质牧草,在农业产业结构的调整、生态建设以及畜牧业的发展中具有重要的地位和作用。为了丰富我国苜蓿种质资源,了解世界苜蓿的遗传多样性以及亲缘关系,同时为了解本地主栽苜蓿品种的生产性能。本研究对来自世界各地的264份苜蓿品种资源的种子表观性状和DNA遗传多态性进行分析,并从中筛选3份主栽品种进行产草量和品质比较,结果如下。1、苜蓿种子表观性状的测定及品种资源聚类分析对264份苜蓿品种资源进行方差分析,结果表明千粒重、面积、周长、长宽比、长、宽、直径和圆度8个种子表观性状在品种间有极显著差异;千粒重与面积、周长、长、宽和直径间具有极显著正相关;面积与周长、长、宽和直径有极显著正相关;长与宽和直径有极显著正相关;宽与直径极显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,将高产种子作为育种目标时,应重点考虑第1主成分的作用,第2主成分大小中等即可。综上所述,苜蓿种子的全部表观性状可用作聚类分析。利用种子表观性状对264份苜蓿品种进行聚类分析,结果表明在欧式距离为5.728处,可将全部材料分为7大类:第1大类有3份品种资源;第2大类、第4大类和第5大类各有2份品种资源;第3大类有5份品种资源;第6大类有10份品种资源;其余品种资源都被划分为第7大类,它们的欧式距离都小于5.728,其中59号和255号距离最小,为0.15。2、DNA遗传多样性分析利用来源不同的6份苜蓿品种资源对350对SSR引物进行筛选,最终选出84对扩增条带清晰、稳定和多态性好的引物,用于264份苜蓿品种资源的遗传多样性分析。84对SSR引物在264个品种中扩增得到637个等位基因,平均每个位点有7.58个等位基因,多态性率达99.03%。264份苜蓿品种资源SSR聚类结果表明,在DICE遗传相似系数为0.515处,可以将264份苜蓿品种资源聚为7大类:第2大类、第3大类和第6大类都只有1份品种资源;第1大类、第4大类和第5大类有2份品种资源;其余苜蓿品种资源被聚为第7大类。在264份品种资源中,202号和203号相似系数最大,为0.92。对苜蓿种子表观性状聚类与SSR分子标记聚类结果进行比较,发现虽有一定差异,但仍存在部分一致性。3、3个主栽品种的产草量和品质比较分析在前期产草量和品质初筛的基础上,对安徽五河秋实草业有限公司苜蓿基地连片种植的3个主栽苜蓿品种的产草量和品质进行分析。结果表明:苜蓿在本地区每年可刈割5茬,不同刈割茬次间的产草量有极显著差异;2015年维斯顿总产草量最高、WL903最低,而2016年WL903总产草量最高、维斯顿却最低,但两年累计总产草量在3个品种间无显著差异;3个品种的品质性状无显著差异;单位面积产草量与相对饲用价值间极显著正相关,但粗蛋白与酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维间呈极显著负相关。总之,维斯顿、WL525和WL903长势良好,病虫害较少,产草量和品质均符合农业部高产优质苜蓿示范片区验收标准,达到一级以上牧草品质要求,适合安徽推广种植。
[Abstract]:As alfalfa forage quality, in the adjustment of agricultural industry structure, has an important position and role of ecological construction and development of animal husbandry. In order to enrich the alfalfa germplasm resources in China, to understand the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the alfalfa world at the same time, in order to understand the production performance of alfalfa varieties. The local study of 264 alfalfa varieties varieties from around the world, the seeds of apparent analysis traits and DNA genetic polymorphism, and were selected from 3 varieties compare the amount and quality of grass, the results were as follows:.1, the apparent traits of alfalfa seed testing and species resource clustering analysis variance analysis of 264 alfalfa varieties, the result grain weight, area, perimeter, ratio of length to width, length, width, diameter and roundness of 8 seed varieties in apparent traits had significant difference; 1000 grain weight and area, perimeter, length, width and diameter is very significant Significant positive correlation; area and perimeter, length, width and diameter have significant positive correlation; long and wide and have extremely significant positive correlation between diameter; width and diameter significantly correlated; the principal component analysis showed that the yield of seed as the breeding goal, the focus should be on the first principal components for the second main composition of medium size. To sum up, all the apparent characters of alfalfa seed can be used for clustering analysis. The apparent seed characters of 264 alfalfa varieties were cluster analysis. The results show that in the Euclidean distance of 5.728, all the materials could be divided into 7 categories: first categories of 3 varieties of second categories of resources;, fourth categories and fifth categories with 2 varieties of resources; third categories of 5 varieties of resources; Sixth categories of 10 varieties of resources; the remaining varieties are divided into seventh categories, their Euclidean distance is less than 5.728, of which 59 and 255, the smallest distance is 0.15.2. DN A analysis of genetic diversity of 350 pairs of SSR primers were screened using different sources of 6 alfalfa varieties of resources, and ultimately selected 84 primers, primer stability and good polymorphism, 264 for genetic diversity analysis of alfalfa germplasm resources.84 SSR primer pairs amplified 637 alleles in 264 varieties, the average there are 7.58 alleles, polymorphic rate of 99.03%.264 continuous alfalfa varieties SSR clustering results show that the DICE genetic similarity coefficient of 0.515, 264 alfalfa varieties can be clustered into 7 categories: second categories, third categories and sixth categories are only 1 copies germplasm resources; first categories, fourth categories and fifth categories of 2 varieties of alfalfa germplasm resources; the rest are clustered into seventh categories. In 264 varieties, No. 202 and No. 203 similarity coefficient is the largest, 0.92. of alfalfa seed phenotypic traits and SSR molecular markers clustering Remember to compare the clustering results, found that although there are some differences, but there are still some consistency.3,3 varieties yield and quality comparison and analysis in the early yield and quality of screening, the 3 main cultivated varieties of alfalfa grass yield and quality of Alfalfa Grass Industry Co Ltd Anhui Wuhe Qiushi base contiguous planting were analyzed. The result showed that the alfalfa in the region every year can harvest 5 stubble, yield between different cutting times had significant difference; Weston in 2015 the total yield is highest, the lowest WL903 and WL903 in 2016, the total yield is highest, Weiss meal was the lowest, but two years cumulative total production the grass was no significant difference among the 3 varieties; there was no significant difference between the quality traits of 3 varieties; yield per unit area and relative feed value was significantly positively correlated, but the crude protein and acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber showed a significant negative correlation between the total. Weston, WL525 and WL903 grew well and had fewer diseases and insect pests. Their yield and quality were all in line with the acceptance standard of the Ministry of agriculture's high-yield and high-quality alfalfa demonstration area, and reached the quality requirements of pasture above level, which is suitable for popularizing planting in Anhui.

【学位授予单位】：安徽科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S541

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