基于管道式混合的日光温室小型灌溉机研制及在番茄上的应用效果

发布时间：2018-01-19 02:09

本文关键词： 日光温室水肥一体灌溉机自动控制　出处：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：国外大型水肥一体化设备已实现水肥管理的自动化,成为当前世界设施园艺精准化管理的关键技术,是提高水肥利用效率,增加产量,减少环境污染,保护生态的重要措施。但是,国外的大型水肥一体化设备难以在国内普及、应用。针对我国日光温室栽培面积小的特点以及栽培管理要求,本文研究设计了一种基于管道式混合的,价格低廉,自动化程度较高,适宜日光温室应用的小型水肥一体灌溉施肥系统,并在日光温室进行了灌溉机的番茄栽培效果试验,以期为日光温室蔬菜的精准化灌溉提供技术支持。主要研究结论如下:1.通过研究确定水肥一体灌溉机的总体结构为管道式,三个吸肥器并联排布方式,以及三条支路管道结构和混肥装置结构,并建立了小型水肥一体灌溉机的优化结构,实现了肥料和水的两次混合,达到提高混肥效率,减少水肥混合时间的目的。2.研究设计了两种水肥混合控制系统,一种是基于两路母液/一路酸液与EC/pH值之间关系模型,另一种是基于可调电磁阀。前者通过对两路母液/一路酸液与EC/pH(电导率值/酸度值)的关系模型验证试验,得出:与实测值相比,模型预测得到的EC值相对误差的平均值为2%,pH值相对误差的平均值为3%,说明灌溉机结构设计合理,可实现营养液的精准化控制,模型可行。后者通过调节三条支路上三个可调电磁阀的31个档位,改变各吸肥器的吸肥量,达到调控营养液EC值和pH值的目的。设置水肥一体灌溉机控制系统4个档位,分别为:苗期13-13-13档;开花期18-18-18档;结果期24-24-24档;收获期30-30-30档。并设计了基于灌水模型(课题组前人研究)的水肥一体化控制系统,通过人机交互触摸屏进行操作,结合传感器实时监测,具有自动化,精准化控制的特点。3.与常规手动灌溉方式相比,小型水肥一体灌溉机在日光温室袋培番茄上的栽培效果明显,不仅可提高番茄水分利用率,而且平均单株增产43%,此外,还节省了人工,提高工作效率。
[Abstract]:Overseas large-scale water and fertilizer integration equipment has realized the automation of water and fertilizer management, and has become the key technology of precision management of facilities horticulture in the world, which is to improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use, increase production and reduce environmental pollution. The important measures to protect ecology. However, it is difficult to popularize and apply the large scale water and fertilizer integrated equipment abroad. Aiming at the characteristics of small cultivation area in solar greenhouse and the requirement of cultivation management in our country. In this paper, a small water and fertilizer integrated irrigation and fertilization system based on pipe mixing, low price, high automation and suitable for application in solar greenhouse was designed. The experiment of tomato cultivation effect on irrigation machine in solar greenhouse was carried out. In order to provide technical support for precision irrigation of vegetables in solar greenhouse. The main conclusions are as follows: 1. Through the study, the overall structure of water and fertilizer irrigation machine was determined to be pipe type and parallel arrangement of three absorbers. As well as the structure of three branch pipelines and fertilizer mixing device, the optimization structure of small water and fertilizer integrated irrigation machine was established, the two mixing of fertilizer and water was realized, and the efficiency of fertilizer mixing was improved. The purpose of reducing the mixing time of water and fertilizer. 2. Two kinds of water and fertilizer mixture control system are designed, one is based on the relationship model between two mother liquor / one way acid and EC/pH value. The other one is based on adjustable solenoid valve. The former verifies the relationship between two mother liquor / one way acid and EC-P / pH (conductivity value / acidity value), and draws the conclusion: compared with the measured value. The average value of the relative error of EC value predicted by the model is 2 and the average of the relative error of pH value is 3, which indicates that the structure of irrigation machine is reasonable and the precise control of nutrient solution can be realized. The model is feasible. The latter can change the amount of fertiliser by adjusting 31 gears of three adjustable solenoid valves on three branches. To achieve the purpose of regulating EC value and pH value of nutrient solution, the control system of water and fertilizer integrated irrigation machine was set up in four stalls, namely: 13-13-13 stalls in seedling stage; Flowering stage 18-18-18; Outcome period 24-24-24; The integrated control system of water and fertilizer is designed based on irrigation model (previous research group), which is operated by man-machine interactive touch screen and real-time monitoring with sensor. Compared with the conventional manual irrigation, the small water and fertilizer irrigation machine has obvious effect on tomato cultivation in solar greenhouse, which can not only improve the water use efficiency of tomato. Moreover, the average yield per plant is increased by 43%, in addition, labor is saved and working efficiency is improved.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S626.5;S641.2

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