春茶采摘末期遮荫栽培及环境调节技术

发布时间：2018-01-21 18:10

  本文关键词： 春茶 遮荫栽培 生长 品质 喷雾降温 数值模拟 环境调节　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在春茶采摘末期,由于气温快速升高,致使作为茶叶加工原料的芽叶的内部和外观品质下降,且缩短了茶叶采摘期。为保障茶叶品质、延长春茶采摘期,在采摘末期可采用遮荫和喷雾等小环境降温措施。本论文设计开发高架遮阳网与喷雾降温系统,试验对比分析遮阳网内外气温、相对湿度、光照和土温等环境因子变化;研究遮荫对茶树新稍、叶片生长状况和芽叶品质指标的影响;仿真和测试遮荫时喷雾降温效果,从而确定喷头的合理空间布置;最后提出了茶园遮阳网和喷雾降温环境调节技术。本研究对于延长采摘期从而提高产量,具有重要的生产指导意义。主要研究内容与结果如下:(1)高架遮阳网与喷雾降温系统设计高架遮阳网通过钢丝绳串联立柱而成;其长度48 m,跨度6 m,高度2-2.5 m,立柱间距8 m,可设置三个不同遮阳网处理,两个2.0 m高遮荫处理,一个2.5 m高遮荫处理;供试茶树品种为茂绿,五年生;选用两种遮光率遮阳网,分别为40%、60%。喷雾系统是由连接好喷头的PE管沿中间立柱穿过网架,喷头可设置不同高度;其喷雾主机型号为:3WZ-860,微雾喷嘴型号为:TW1510。(2)遮阳网遮荫对其内外环境因子的影响根据不同的遮阳网遮光率、遮荫高度设置不同的遮荫处理,试验测量其内外气温、相对湿度环境因子的动态变化并进行对比分析。设置的3个遮荫处理分别为:60%遮光率+2 m遮荫高度(T1)、40%遮光率+2 m遮荫高度(T2)、40%遮光率+2.5 m遮荫高度(T3),并以露天栽培为对照处理(CK);试验期(4月底至5月底的一个月)分为前、中、后期,试验结果与常规采摘期(4月初至4月底)进行对比。结果表明:在整个试验期,遮荫各处理的冠层处日最高气温与CK相比,平均低2.17℃,且遮光率越高,与CK的差值越大;遮荫各处理的近地面白昼平均温度显著低于CK,平均低3.56℃,且遮光率越高,差异越显著;遮荫各处理的土壤10 cm深处日平均温度显著低于CK,平均低1.19℃,且遮光率越高,差异越显著;遮荫增加了遮阳网下茶树冠层处空气的平均相对湿度,遮光率越高,相对湿度越大,其中T1处理最大可增加7.03%;T1、T2和T3处理的叶片最大温度比CK分别低2.13℃、1.28℃和0.94℃。对比T2和T3处理,相同遮光率、不同遮荫高度对环境因子的影响差异不大。(3)遮荫对茶树生长和芽叶品质的影响试验处理如(2)所示,试验测量各处理遮阳网内外茶树新稍和芽叶生长状况,叶片光合作用,及茶芽叶品质等指标。结果表明:遮荫后,茶树新稍长度、粗度均增加,以T1处理的增幅最大,分别为22.3%、13.5%;新稍叶片的叶绿素相对含量和芽叶含水率随着遮光率增大而增高;与CK相比,T1处理的新稍叶片净光合速率比对照提高了8.49%,T2和T3处理则显著变小;T3处理可以增加茶叶水浸出物、茶多酚和酚氨比,降低氨基酸含量,导致茶叶更浓厚,但苦涩味增加。而T1处理会增加咖啡碱含量,降低水浸出物含量,并能在前期降低酚氨比,使茶叶稍清淡,但鲜爽度提高、苦涩味减少。(4)喷雾降温对茶树冠层气温和湿度的影响根据不同遮光率,设置了2个喷雾处理,以露天环境为对照;并对比了不同喷头高度(1.2 m和1.5 m)的影响;试验测试喷雾降温对茶树冠层处的降温效果。数值模拟了不同喷头高度(1.2 m和1.5 m)和不同喷头间距(1 m和1.5 m)4种情况下,春茶采摘末期工况的降温效果,确定合理的喷头空间布置方式。试验结果表明:遮阳网下进行喷雾降温可降低茶园冠层气温2.6℃-6.8℃;喷雾高度1.2 m时,对冠层气温的降温效果更明显,但湿度也会明显增加。数值模拟结果表明:四种喷头空间布置模拟,喷头高度1.2 m(距冠层0.3 m),喷头间距1.5 m时,降温效果较好,相对湿度增加相对较小;喷雾使用方法宜采用喷60 s,休30 s的办法,可防止相对湿度增加过大。(5)延长春茶采摘期的环境调节技术60%遮光率的遮阳网遮荫栽培可更好的改善茶园环境,更有利于茶树的生长,其前期的咖啡碱含量较高且酚氨比更接近常规春茶期水平,中期的氨基酸含量下降明显;故茶园采用其栽培方式,预计可延长春茶采摘期7d左右。遮阳网下采取喷雾降温的方法,对茶树冠层具有较好的降温效果,有利于进一步延长春茶采摘期。
[Abstract]:Picking in the late spring, as the temperature rises rapidly, resulting in the decline of tea processing of raw materials as leaf internal and appearance quality, and shorten the tea picking period. To guarantee the quality of tea, prolong the spring harvest period, the end can be used in picking shading and spraying small environment temperature reduction measures. This paper designed and developed with the elevated net spray cooling system, test the temperature inside and outside shading, relative humidity, illumination changes and environmental factors such as soil temperature; study of shading on new tea slightly, effects of leaf growth status and leaf quality index; simulation and test of shading spray cooling effect, so as to determine the reasonable space layout of sprinkler; finally, shading and tea spray cooling technology environmental control. This research is to extend the picking period to improve the yield and production has important significance. The main research contents and results are as follows: (1) high Net frame and spray cooling system design through the wire rope net elevated column and the length of the series; 48 m, 6 m 2-2.5 m span, height, column spacing of 8 m, can be set to three different shading treatment, two of 2 m high shading treatment, a 2.5 m high shading treatment; tested tea varieties luxuriant green, five years old; with two shading rate were 40%, 60%. net, spray system is composed of connecting nozzle of PE pipe along the middle column through the grid, you can set different nozzle height; the spray host model: 3WZ-860, micro fog nozzle type: TW1510. (2) effects of shading net on the inside and outside environmental factors under different shading rate, shade height setting different shading, measuring the relative humidity inside and outside temperature, dynamic changes of environmental factors were analyzed. 3 shade settings respectively: 60% shading rate +2 m shade 楂樺害(T1),40%閬�鍏夌帲�

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