不同理化性质土壤对籽瓜幼苗生长的影响及不同栽培密度和坐果节位对籽瓜果实与种子产量的影响

发布时间：2018-02-05 23:39

本文关键词： 籽瓜幼苗土壤栽培密度坐果节位产量　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本试验通过测定采自甘肃省高台县的17#北、17#南、15#高台、15#大块、14#沙、14#低以及南新七份土壤的结构组成与理化性质,了解了七份土壤的物理组分及其基本理化性质,探究了土壤理化性质对籽瓜幼苗生长的影响及影响最大的土壤理化因子,并通过盐分处理与改良处理研究了改良土壤对籽瓜幼苗生长的影响;本文还研究了大田生产条件下籽瓜坐果节位、不同栽培密度和不同整枝方式对籽瓜果实与种子产量的影响。得出以下结论:1.七份土壤中,14#低与南新由于盐分含量过高,加之土壤结构较差,极不适宜于籽瓜的生长;17#北、15#高台土壤沙性较大,土壤团聚体含量较低,保肥保水性能差,不利于籽瓜高产的获得;17#南、15#大块土壤虽有一定的粘重,但土壤物理性质如田间持水量、土壤最佳含水量等较大,比沙性较大的土壤易获得较高的产量;14#沙土壤团聚体含量较高,且水稳定性好,土壤饱和持水量最大、三种孔隙度均最高等等,是该地区籽瓜适宜种植的土壤。2.幼苗生长试验结果表明,含盐量高的14#低和南新土壤出苗速度和出苗率最低,且幼苗生长指标也最差;沙性土壤的17#北等幼苗的全生物量相对较少,但根系相关指标好于土壤相对较粘重的17#南;相对较为粘重土壤15#大块和17#南幼苗全生物量高于相对沙性较大土壤的17#北和15#高台;土壤14#沙的地上鲜干重、地下鲜干重、全株鲜干重及根冠比等指标均较好。3.幼苗叶片和根系生理指标的测定结果没有生长指标规律性强。高盐含量土壤的幼苗叶绿素含量高,且部分MDA含量较高。土壤理化性质较好的14#沙、15#高台和17#北其根系活跃面积和根吸收总面积较大,15#大块和17#南中等,而含盐量较高的14#低和南新面积较小。因此,土壤含盐量的高低影响着根系的生长与功能的发挥。4.土壤改良的试验(增加或减少盐分)进一步验证了含盐量对幼苗生长的影响。对于含盐量较高的土壤加入沙子和有机质有利于出苗速率和各生长指标的改善。而土壤相对较好的17#原经沙子和有机质的改良,其地上鲜干重、地下鲜干重、全株鲜干重及根冠比等指标均得到了明显的提高。5.坐果节位对籽瓜果实与种子的产量影响是同步的,低节位果实能够显著的降低籽瓜果实与种子的产量。从主蔓节位上看10节以上相对较高,7-9节有少量损失,5-6节损失明显;而子蔓不同坐果节位的果实与种子产量与主蔓高节位果实相近。6.单瓜重随着种植密度的增加而变小。而瓜产量2000株/667m2最低,3000株/667m2和4000株/667m2相近。籽产量3000株/667m2整体高一些,2000株/667m2和4000株/667m2相近。双蔓整枝的单瓜重和瓜产量相对较高,其次为三蔓整枝或单蔓整枝。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the structural composition and physicochemical properties of 17 # Beisong 17# South Gaotai 15# Gaotai 15# large SHA14 # SHANG14# low and Nanxin seven soils collected from Gaotai County, Gansu Province were determined. The physical components and basic physical and chemical properties of seven soils were studied, and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the growth of seed melon seedlings and the soil physicochemical factors were investigated. The effect of improved soil on the growth of seed melon seedlings was studied by salt treatment and improved treatment. The effects of fruiting node, different planting density and different pruning methods on fruit and seed yield of seed melon were also studied in this paper. Because of the high salt content and poor soil structure, 14# and Nanxin were not suitable for the growth of seed melon. The soil sand property of No. 17# Beidong 15# highstand is larger, the content of soil aggregate is lower, and the performance of maintaining fertilizer and water is poor, which is not conducive to obtaining high yield of seed melon. The soil physical properties such as field water holding capacity, optimum soil moisture content and so on are larger, and higher yield is obtained than that in sandy soil. The soil aggregate content of 14# sand is high, the water stability is good, the saturated water capacity of soil is the largest, the three kinds of porosity are all the highest, and so on, which is the suitable soil of seed melon planting in this area. The result of seedling growth test shows that. The rate of seedling emergence and seedling emergence rate were the lowest in 14 # with high salt content and the lowest in the south new soil, and the seedling growth index was the worst. The total biomass of 17 # North seedlings in sandy soil was relatively small, but the root system correlation index was better than that of 17 # south with relatively clay weight. The total seedling biomass of 15# chunks and 17# southern soils in the relatively sticky soil was higher than that in the north and 15# plateau of the relatively sandy soil. Soil 14# sand fresh dry weight on the ground, fresh dry weight underground. The whole plant fresh dry weight and root-shoot ratio were better. 3. The results of physiological indexes of seedling leaves and roots were not regular, and the chlorophyll content of high salt content soil was high. And some of MDA content is higher, and the soil physical and chemical properties of 14# Shayang15# high platform and 17# north its root active area and root absorption total area is larger than 15# bulk and 17# south medium. And the high salinity of 14# and the south of the new area is smaller. Effect of soil salinity on the growth and function of root system. Experiment of soil improvement (increase or decrease salt). The effect of salt content on seedling growth was further verified. The addition of sand and organic matter to the soil with higher salt content was beneficial to the improvement of seedling emergence rate and growth index. The improvement of the quality of the machine. The above ground fresh dry weight, underground fresh dry weight, whole plant fresh dry weight and root-shoot ratio were obviously increased .5.The effect of fruit node position on the yield of seed melon fruit and seed was synchronous. The low node fruit can significantly reduce the fruit and seed yield of seed melon. The fruit and seed yield of different fruiting nodes of vines was similar to that of the main vines. The weight of single melon decreased with the increase of planting density, while the yield of 2000 plants / 667m2 was the lowest. 3000 plants / 667m2 and 4000 plants / 667m2 are similar. The seed yield of 3000 plants / 667m2 is higher overall. 2000 / 667m2 and 4000 / 667m2 were similar. The single melon weight and yield of twin-vine pruning were relatively high, followed by triple-vine pruning or single-vine pruning.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S651

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