烟末（梗）有机肥对玉米、杨梅、蔬菜产质量和土壤肥力的影响

发布时间：2018-02-12 19:04

本文关键词： 废弃烟末(梗) 有机肥化肥配施土壤有效养分土壤微生物土壤酶活性　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来持续和大量的施用化肥、不科学规范的耕作措施和有机肥施用严重不足,导致农耕土壤养分不平衡,保水保肥及透气性能的降低加剧了土壤物理性能恶化,农田质量持续降低,农作物产量与质量受到极大影响。而我国烟草产量巨大居世界首位,烟草种植与其产品加工在国民经济发展中发挥着重要的作用,已成为我国财政收入和社会经济发展的重要支柱。烟草种植产生了大量的废弃烟末(梗),其本身含有大量有机质及多种微量元素,具有易于集中处理、成本低等特点,极适合作为优质有机肥源。且尚未处理的烟草废弃物被随意抛弃在田间,造成资源浪费的同时,污染了农业生态环境。因此进行废弃烟末(梗)无害化处理和资源化再利用对解决农业面源污染、合理利用资源、提高农耕土壤质量、发展可持续农业和循环农业很有必要。本试验采用烟草公司腐熟的废弃烟末(梗)有机肥,设置4种施肥处理,分别是空白对照(CK)、化肥处理(CF)、烟末有机肥处理(TOF)、化肥配施烟末有机肥(CF+TOF)处理。研究了烟末(梗)有机肥对土壤养分、微生物量碳氮、土壤酶活性及玉米、杨梅、花椰菜和辣椒产量品质的影响。主要研究结果如下:1.烟末(梗)有机肥与化肥配施效果与普通商品有机肥与化肥配施效果类似。在施用CF+TOF处理的土壤中,四种作物的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量最高,与作物在果熟期大量的养分需求相呼应,有益于满足作物形成果实的养分需要。2.与CK和CF处理相比,CF+TOF和TOF处理显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮,说明烟末(梗)有机肥能改善土壤水分、养分的供应状况,促进微生物生长繁殖,增加微生物数量,从而加快了土壤碳、氮等元素的循环过程和土壤矿物质的矿化过程。3.施用CF+TOF和TOF还提高土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,有益于土壤有机质循环、氮磷养分转化和活性氧消除。在废弃烟末(梗)有机肥与化肥配施的条件下,随着玉米、花椰菜与辣椒生长发育,土壤养分含量显著提高,土壤微生物数量增加,从而使土壤酶活性提高。4.施用CF+TOF后,玉米籽粒产量、粗蛋白和淀粉含量分别比CF提高10.11%、13.94%和13.75%;花椰菜的产量、粗蛋白和淀粉含量分别比CF提高15.57%、24.55%和23.51%;辣椒的产量、维生素C和硝酸盐分别比CF提高14.04%、38.36%和13.76%;杨梅的产量和维生素C分别比CF提高5.45%和4.77%,表明烟末(梗)有机肥可以有效增产并有效提高农作物果实营养价值。因此,由于腐熟废弃的烟末(梗)具有高肥效高利用率、便于收集和购买成本低廉等优点,可成为优质有机肥源,化肥配施烟末(梗)有机肥能改善土壤养分状况,促进微生物生长繁殖,增加微生物数量,增强土壤酶活性,加速催化土壤生物化学反应速率和土壤养分循环,提高玉米、杨梅、花椰菜与辣椒的产量品质。在国家推崇绿色可持续农田和高标准农田、大力控烟政策和农田大量缺乏有机肥原料的情况下可以广泛推广应用。
[Abstract]:In recent years and a large number of chemical fertilizers, not scientific and standard tillage and manure application resulted in serious shortage of agricultural soil nutrient imbalance, fertilizer and lower permeability exacerbated the deterioration of physical properties of soil and water conservation, reduce farmland quality, yield and quality of crops is affected greatly. But China's tobacco production is huge in the world, and tobacco products processing plays an important role in the development of national economy, has become an important pillar of China's fiscal revenue and social economic development. The tobacco planting produced a large number of discarded tobacco (stem), which itself contains a lot of organic matter and trace elements, it is easy to centralized processing, characteristics low cost, very suitable for high quality organic fertilizer. And not yet processed tobacco waste be discarded in the field, resulting in a waste of resources and pollution of the agricultural ecological environment Exit. Therefore waste tobacco powder (stem) harmless treatment and resource reuse to solve the agricultural non-point source pollution, the rational use of resources, improve the agricultural soil quality, sustainable agriculture and circular agriculture is necessary. In this experiment, the tobacco companies abandoned tobacco maturity (stem) of organic fertilizer, 4 fertilization treatment respectively, is blank control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), tobacco powder organic fertilizer (TOF), chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer (CF+TOF) at the end of the smoke of smoke at the end of treatment. (stem) of organic fertilizer on soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, and soil enzyme activity in maize, bayberry, influence of cauliflower and pepper yield and quality. The main results are as follows: 1. tobacco powder (stem) of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and ordinary commercial organic manure and fertilizer application in CF+TOF treatment. The effect is similar in soil, soil alkali four crops nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content was the highest, and The phase echoed in the fructescence of nutrient demand, beneficial to meet crop nutrient requirements and the formation of fruit.2. CK and CF CF+TOF and TOF treatment compared to treatment significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, indicating tobacco (stem) of organic fertilizer could improve soil moisture, nutrient supply conditions, promote the growth of microorganism and the increasing number of microorganisms, thereby speeding up the soil carbon cycle and soil mineral nitrogen and other elements of the mineralization process of.3. application of CF+TOF and TOF also increased soil invertase, urease, phosphatase and catalase activity, beneficial to soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus transformation and elimination of reactive oxygen species in abandoned tobacco (. Peduncle) organic manure and fertilizer conditions, with corn, broccoli and pepper growth, soil nutrient content increased significantly, the increase in the number of soil microorganism, soil enzyme activity increased to.4. after using CF+TOF, jade Rice grain yield, crude protein and starch content were higher than CF 10.11%, 13.94% and 13.75%; cauliflower yield, crude protein and starch content were higher than CF 15.57%, 24.55% and 23.51%; pepper yield, vitamin C and nitrate were higher than CF 14.04%, 38.36% and 13.76%; the yield of Bayberry and vitamin C respectively. CF increased by 5.45% and 4.77%, showed that tobacco powder (stem) of organic fertilizer can effectively improve the crop yield and fruit nutritional value. Therefore, the maturity of discarded tobacco (stem) with high efficiency high utilization rate, easy to collect and buy low cost etc, can be a good organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer of tobacco at the end of (stem) of organic fertilizer could improve soil nutrient status, promote microbial growth and reproduction, increase the number of soil microbes, soil enzyme activity enhancement, accelerating soil biological chemical reaction rate and soil nutrient circulation, improve corn, red bayberry, cauliflower The yield and quality of vegetables and capsicum can be widely promoted under the condition of highly respected green sustainable farmland and high standard farmland, vigorously smoking control policy and a large number of farmland lacking organic fertilizer raw materials.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513;S667.6;S63

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