PAM和SAP交并施用对旱区坡地水土保持效应研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 14:36

本文关键词： PAM SAP 旱区坡地交并施用固土截水水分保蓄土壤　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：PAM和SAP作为分别具有显著固土截流和土壤水分保蓄能力的两类土壤化学调控材料,对于水土流失防治、生态环境保护、农业水分高效利用、作物增产等意义重大。目前PAM和SAP的研究按各自作用特点和一定应用条件集中在单一材料上,而针对PAM和SAP在旱区坡地交并施用的研究未见报导。本文共采取五种不同施用方式:PAM表层撒施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表层撒施+ SAP层施(20 cm);PAM表层喷施+ SAP混施(0-20 cm);PAM表层喷施+ SAP层施(20 cm);PAM混施+ SAP混施。六种SAP施用量和六种PAM施用量:ck、1、2、3、4、5 kg/亩。两种坡度:5°和10°。1.PAM和SAP交并施用对旱区坡地固土截水的影响PAM和SAP交并施用可以有效提高旱区坡地固土截水能力,并呈现随着施用量增加固土截水能力也增强的趋势。但只有当SAP层施时,没有因为SAP施用量的变化而变化。PAM主要影响水土流失中的土壤侵蚀量,而SAP主要影响的是地表径流量。在五种施用方式下,PAM混施和SAP混施可以显著加强固土截水能力。与此同时当PAM和SAP施用在10°的土槽上时,能够发挥更好的效果。2.PAM和SAP交并施用对旱区坡地水分保蓄的影响经过施用PAM和SAP后的土壤,在人工模拟降雨后,测取土壤含水率,各层土壤均有明显提升,并且随着施用量的增加土壤含水率也会升高。与此同时土壤持水量增加,渗流量减少。SAP提高土壤水分保蓄能力比PAM较显著。SAP层施的影响范围在15-30cm 土层,而SAP混施时影响的范围在0-25cm 土层。对比五种施用方式,PAM混施和SAP混施是提高土壤含水率、土壤持水量和减少渗流量的最佳选择。在两种不同坡度下,坡度升高,土壤含水率增加,但土壤持水量并没有增加,渗流量也没有减少。3.PAM和SAP交并施用对旱区坡地土壤养分的影响随着PAM和SAP施用量的增加,径流总氮量和总磷量降低,土壤总氮量和总磷量升高。五种施用方式下同样也是PAM混施和SAP混施使土壤养分得到了最大化的有效保持。在两种坡度上土壤养分量并没有变化,所以坡度的增加并没有影响PAM和SAP对土壤养分的改变。
[Abstract]:PAM and SAP are two kinds of soil chemical control materials, which have remarkable ability of soil closure and soil moisture conservation, respectively, for soil erosion control, ecological environment protection, and agricultural water efficient use. At present, the research of PAM and SAP is concentrated on a single material according to their respective function characteristics and certain application conditions. However, there is no report on the application of PAM and SAP on sloping land in arid area. In this paper, five different application methods were adopted. The surface layer of PAM was sprayed with mixed application of SAP (0-20 cm), SAP layer was sprayed with 20 cm / SAP layer, and the surface layer was sprayed with SAP mixed application (0-20 cm) / PAM layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied in SAP layer. Six kinds of SAP and six kinds of PAM were applied at a rate of 5 kg / mu. The effects of two kinds of slope degrees: 5 掳and 10 掳. 1. The effects of PAM and SAP on soil interception in arid sloping land could be improved effectively by applying PAM and SAP. The water interception capacity of slope land, With the increase of application rate, the water interception capacity of soil was also increased, but only when applied in SAP layer, the amount of soil erosion in soil erosion was mainly affected by the change of SAP application rate. However, the surface runoff was mainly affected by SAP. Under the five application modes, the combined application of SAP and SAP could significantly enhance the ability of soil water interception. At the same time, when PAM and SAP were applied on the soil trough of 10 掳, the water interception capacity of the soil was significantly enhanced when PAM and SAP were applied in 10 掳soil trough. 2. The effects of PAM and SAP on water conservation and storage in arid sloping land were improved. After applying PAM and SAP, the soil moisture content was measured after simulated rainfall, and the soil in each layer increased obviously. With the increase of application rate, soil moisture content will also increase. Meanwhile, the soil water holding capacity will be increased with the increase of soil water holding capacity. Meanwhile, the soil moisture retention capacity of PAM is significantly higher than that of PAM. The influence range of SAP layer application is 15-30cm soil layer. The effect range of SAP mixed application is 0-25 cm soil layer. Comparing the five application methods, the best choice is to increase soil moisture content, soil water holding capacity and reduce seepage flow. Under two different slopes, the slope is increased. The soil moisture content increased, but the soil water holding capacity did not increase, and the amount of percolation did not decrease. 3. The effects of PAM and SAP and application on soil nutrients in sloping land in arid area decreased with the increase of PAM and SAP application rates. The soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus were increased. Under the five application modes, the mixture of PAM and SAP could keep the soil nutrients to the maximum, but there was no change in the soil nutrient content in the two slopes. So the increase of slope had no effect on the change of soil nutrient by PAM and SAP.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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