喷灌条件下马铃薯产量及品质的空间变异特性研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 22:07

本文选题：土壤属性　切入点：产量　出处：《西安理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：马铃薯种植的粗放式管理方式导致了灌溉水利用效率较低,精准农业将成为解决这一问题的主要选择之一。从理论上认识田间土壤的空间变异性及其对马铃薯产量和品质空间变异的影响将对精准农业的实施具有重要的现实意义和科学价值。本研究选取位于毛乌素沙漠东南部陕西省榆林市界内的马铃薯种植基地作为研究区域,面积为38.7公顷,灌溉方式为指针式喷灌,分别于2015年至2016年测定了土壤属性与马铃薯块茎产量、品质指标,采用经典统计学、地统计学的基本理论与方法,结合ArcGIS10.3和SPSS22.0等相关软件,分析了各指标的空间变异特性及其相互影响,并采用聚类分析法进行管理区域的划分,主要研究结果如下:(1)研究区域内土壤质地、容重与电导率均具有空间变异性,且空间分布呈现明显渐变性分布规律,其中土壤砂粒含量与电导率的变异主要由结构性因素引起。马铃薯块茎形成期土壤含水率具有空间变异性,且20-40cm深度土壤含水率的空间结构较稳定。(2)马铃薯块茎产量与品质大都具有空间变异性,干物质含量、淀粉、VC含量连续两年空间结构比较相似,具有时空稳定性;土壤属性对马铃薯块茎产量与品质有明显影响。(3)为了提出合理的精准灌溉方案,本文分别依据土壤水分、砂粒含量、容重、电导率与作物产量、品质的空间分布特征将研究区域划分为不同的管理区域,各指标在区域内的性质表现出均一性,区间差异较大,分组后变异程度有所下降,分区结果较为合理;不同的分区方式的适用性存在差异,决策者可根据种植目的选择不同的分区方式。
[Abstract]:The extensive management of potato cultivation resulted in low efficiency of irrigation water use. Precision agriculture will be one of the main options to solve this problem. Understanding the spatial variability of field soil and its influence on potato yield and quality spatial variation will have an important effect on the implementation of precision agriculture. In this study, the potato planting base located in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, southeast of Maowusu Desert, was selected as the research area. From 2015 to 2016, soil properties and potato tuber yield and quality indexes were measured. The basic theories and methods of classical statistics and geostatistics were used. Combined with ArcGIS10.3 and SPSS22.0 and other related software, the spatial variation characteristics of each index and their interaction were analyzed, and cluster analysis was used to divide the management area. The main results were as follows: 1) the soil texture in the region was studied. Both bulk density and conductivity have spatial variability. The variation of soil sand content and electrical conductivity was mainly caused by structural factors. The spatial structure of soil moisture content of 20-40cm depth is more stable. (2) the yield and quality of potato tuber have spatial variability, dry matter content and starch VC content are similar for two consecutive years, and have space-time stability. Soil properties have obvious influence on potato tuber yield and quality. In order to put forward a reasonable precision irrigation scheme, the soil moisture, sand content, bulk density, electrical conductivity and crop yield were studied in this paper. The spatial distribution of quality divides the study area into different management areas. The properties of each index in the region show uniformity, the interval is different, the degree of variation decreases after grouping, and the result is reasonable. The applicability of different zoning methods is different, and decision makers can choose different zoning methods according to planting purpose.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S532;S275.5

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