水因子调控对农田栽参土壤微生态环境及人参产量和质量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-04 14:18

本文选题：人参　切入点：白浆土　出处：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey)为五加科药用植物,根入药,药用价值高,市场需求量大。主要分布于东北三省,吉林省长白山区为人参主产区,人参产业是当地支柱性产业之一。传统的毁林栽参模式对环境破坏较大,已逐渐被农田栽参所取代。农田栽参产量低、病害严重等问题制约了产业的发展。这些问题与人参生长的基质土壤有着密切的关系。研究表明,土壤含水量对人参的生长发育起关键作用。白浆土作为长白山地区重要的栽参土壤类型,其水分含量影响土壤状况和人参的生长发育。本研究以此为出发点,通过盆栽方式控制白浆土水分含量,系统研究土壤理化性质、生物学性状、人参的产量和质量,旨在确定适合人参生长发育的水分条件。主要研究结果如下:1.土壤的理化性质是土壤肥力评价的重要指标,影响植物对营养元素的吸收、光合作用等多个方面。本研究结果表明:土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%时,土壤pH较低,酸化程度高,土壤导电率高,盐化严重。而含水量维持在80%时,土壤容重较低,总孔隙度较大。2.微生物作为土壤微生态的重要组成部分,在联系土壤和植物关系中发挥不可替代的作用。利用Biolog法对不同水分处理人参白浆土微生物功能代谢多样性进行测定,结果表明:AWCD值与白浆土壤水分含量密切相关,土壤水分含量越高,AWCD值越大,同时物种丰富度指数和碳源利用丰富度指数显著高于低水分处理。白浆土微生物对酯类碳源利用最多,其次为氨基酸和醇类。3.微生物活性和微生物量与土壤肥力关系密切,通过土壤埋片法、碱吸收二氧化碳滴定法、氯仿熏蒸法对微生物的纤维素分解作用、呼吸作用和微生物量碳氮进行测定。结果表明:栽参白浆土水分含量影响微生物的呼吸作用和纤维素的分解作用,其中土壤水分含量为80%时,其呼吸作用和纤维素分解作用最强,同时微生物碳氮比最高。4.土壤酶是土壤微生态系统重要组成部分,在促进营养物质转化和能量循环的过程中发挥重要的作用,常作为评价土壤肥力的重要指标。本研究利用常规的分光光度法和滴定法对土壤主要土壤酶活性进行测定,结果发现:人参白浆土含水量对各土壤酶活性影响程度不同。土壤脲酶、蛋白酶和蔗糖酶与水分之间存在相关性,水分含量越高,土壤酶活性越强。而水分对土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性影响较小。5.人参产量和质量是评价人参好坏的重要指标,本研究利用HPLC法对人参主要活性成分含量进行测定,结果表明:人参的生物量随着土壤水分的增加而增加,但是在较低的土壤水分条件下,有利于人参单体Rb1、Re和Rg1的积累,但是对人参总皂苷的含量影响不显著。
[Abstract]:Panax ginseng C.A. Mey (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) is a medicinal plant of Panax ginseng. The root of Panax ginseng is a medicinal plant with high medicinal value and high market demand. It is mainly distributed in three provinces of Northeast China, and Changbai Mountain area of Jilin Province is the main producing area of Panax ginseng. Ginseng industry is one of the local pillar industries. The traditional model of destroying forest and planting ginseng has been gradually replaced by cultivated ginseng, and the yield of cultivated ginseng is low. Serious diseases and other problems restrict the development of industry. These problems are closely related to the substrate soil of ginseng. Soil moisture content plays a key role in the growth and development of Panax ginseng. As an important soil type of cultivated ginseng in Changbai Mountain area, the water content of soil moisture content affects the soil condition and the growth and development of ginseng. The soil physical and chemical properties, biological characters, yield and quality of ginseng were studied systematically by controlling the water content in the soil by pot culture. The main results are as follows: 1.Physicochemical properties of soil is an important index of soil fertility evaluation, which affects the absorption of nutrient elements by plants. The results showed that when the soil water content was 40% of the field water capacity, the soil pH was low, the acidification degree was high, the electric conductivity of the soil was high, the salinity was serious, and the soil bulk density was lower when the water content was maintained at 80%. As an important part of soil microecology, microorganisms play an irreplaceable role in the relationship between soil and plants. The functional and metabolic diversity of microorganisms in ginseng alpine soil treated with different water treatments was determined by Biolog method. The results showed that the content of water in white pulp soil was closely related to the value of WW CD, and the higher the soil moisture content was, the higher the value of AWCD was. At the same time, species richness index and carbon source utilization richness index were significantly higher than those of low water treatment. Microbes in alpine soil had the most utilization of ester carbon sources, followed by amino acids and alcohols .3. microbial activity and microbial biomass were closely related to soil fertility. Through soil burying method, alkali absorption carbon dioxide titration method, chloroform fumigation method to microbial cellulose decomposition, The results showed that the moisture content of the soil affected the respiration and the decomposition of cellulose, and the soil moisture content was 80%. Soil enzyme is an important component of soil microecosystem and plays an important role in promoting nutrient conversion and energy cycle. It is often used as an important index to evaluate soil fertility. In this study, the main soil enzyme activities were determined by conventional spectrophotometry and titration. The results showed that the effect of water content on soil enzyme activity was different. There was a correlation between soil urease, protease and sucrase, and the higher the water content, the higher the soil water content. The stronger the soil enzyme activity is, the smaller the effect of water on soil acid phosphatase and catalase activity. The yield and quality of ginseng is an important index to evaluate the quality of ginseng. In this study, the content of main active components of ginseng was determined by HPLC method. The results showed that the biomass of Panax ginseng increased with the increase of soil moisture, but under the condition of low soil moisture, it was beneficial to the accumulation of Rb1Re and Rg1, but had no significant effect on the content of total ginsenoside.
【学位授予单位】：吉林农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S567.51

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