当代中国海洋渔业环保NGO的研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 17:10

本文选题：海洋环保NGO　切入点：海洋环境　出处：《上海海洋大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋环境是一种典型的公共物品,在以往的经验看来,仅仅依靠某一主体对其全权进行保护与治理是行不通的。所以,在不同的治理主体中,我们要形成以政府为引导中心,各利益相关主体共同协作的治理模式。其中,各主体各司其职、各尽其能,海洋环保NGO作为联合公众的载体同样也发挥着十分重要的作用。但是,就目前我国海洋环保NGO的发展来看,其面临的障碍还有许多。从一般意义的环保NGO而言,政府有关部门对环保NGO并不是十分信任,政府对NGO采取的“双重”管理体制严重束缚了环保NGO的进一步发展。同时,我国环保NGO成立的时间都比较短,现阶段社会公信力还不够、自身综合能力不是很高也是其发展过程中亟需克服的问题。不仅如此,现阶段国民海洋环保的意识也比较弱,仅有少部分人会积极参与到海洋环境保护中来;从海洋环境保护的特殊性而言,针对海洋环境保护与治理的NGO不仅需要面对一般NGO需要面对的困难,同时还有海洋知识专业性、海洋问题复杂性等状况。因此,如何优化我国海洋环保NGO的生存制度环境,如何加强其自身专业能力建设,获得社会公众的认可,使海洋环保NGO在海洋环境保护过程中发挥更大的作用,是本文研究的主要目的。文章以海洋环保NGO为研究对象,对其起源、发展、现状、存在的问题以及问题产生的原因等展开了一系列基础性研究。首先,以我国海洋环保NGO发展历程和现状为切入点,结合调查报告和个别案例加以说明,总结我国海洋环保NGO目前存在的问题主要有数量较少、决策参与度不足、环境维权角色薄弱、海洋环保应急管理作用、公众参与欠缺、组织活动影响力度有限等几个方面,并分析归纳了我国海洋环保NGO存在问题的原因主要是法律与政策的供给不足、缺乏稳定资金来源、公民环保意识薄弱以及环保NGO组织建设乏力。最后,文章在借鉴美日海洋环保NGO在管理监督及运作过程等成功经验的基础上,结合我国海洋环保NGO自身的发展特点,从营造海洋环保NGO制度环境、加强合作伙伴资金支持及引导以及增强其自身建设等方面进行借鉴,并从优化法律和政策环境、建立制度化的资金筹集渠道、积极培育公民海洋环保意识以及加强自身组织专业能力建设四个方面提出促进我国海洋环保NGO发展的对策建议。
[Abstract]:The marine environment is a kind of typical public goods. In the past experience, it is not feasible to rely solely on a certain subject to protect and govern it completely. Therefore, in different governance subjects, we should form the government as the guidance center. The governance model of the cooperation of various stakeholders. Among them, the main bodies do their respective duties and do their best. The marine environmental protection NGO also plays a very important role as the carrier of the joint public. However, as the carrier of the joint public, marine environmental protection NGO also plays a very important role. As far as the development of marine environmental protection NGO in China is concerned, there are still many obstacles it faces. In terms of environmental protection NGO in the general sense, the relevant government departments do not have great confidence in environmental protection NGO. The "double" management system adopted by the government to NGO has seriously restricted the further development of environmental protection NGO. At the same time, the establishment time of environmental protection NGO in our country is relatively short, and the social credibility is not enough at the present stage. Not only that, the awareness of national marine environmental protection is also relatively weak at present, only a small number of people will actively participate in marine environmental protection; From the particularity of marine environmental protection, the NGO for marine environmental protection and governance needs not only the difficulties that the general NGO has to face, but also the professional knowledge of the ocean and the complexity of the marine problems. How to optimize the living system environment of marine environmental protection NGO in China, how to strengthen its own professional ability construction, obtain the social public recognition, and make the marine environmental protection NGO play a greater role in the process of marine environment protection. This paper takes the marine environmental protection NGO as the research object, and carries out a series of basic research on its origin, development, current situation, existing problems and the causes of the problems. Based on the development history and current situation of marine environmental protection NGO in China, combined with investigation report and individual cases, the paper summarizes the problems existing in marine environmental protection NGO in China, such as less quantity, insufficient participation in decision-making and weak role of environmental protection. Some aspects such as the role of marine environmental emergency management, the lack of public participation, the limited influence of organizing activities, and so on, are analyzed and summarized. The main reasons for the problems of marine environmental protection NGO in China are the insufficient supply of laws and policies, and the lack of stable sources of funds. The citizen's awareness of environmental protection is weak and the construction of environmental protection NGO organization is weak. Finally, based on the successful experiences of American and Japanese marine environmental protection NGO in the management, supervision and operation process, this paper combines the development characteristics of our country's marine environmental protection NGO itself. From the aspects of creating the environment of marine environmental protection NGO system, strengthening the financial support and guidance of partners and strengthening their own construction, and from the optimization of the legal and policy environment, the establishment of institutionalized funding channels, The countermeasures and suggestions on how to promote the development of marine environmental protection NGO in China are put forward from four aspects: cultivating citizens' awareness of marine environmental protection and strengthening their own professional ability.
【学位授予单位】：上海海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F326.4;X322

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