电力驱动式玉米精密播种控制系统的研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 05:29

  本文选题：电力驱动式　切入点：精密播种机　出处：《吉林农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：播种在农业生产环节中占据着重要的位置,其作业质量的优劣,直接影响到作物的产量。目前,我国普遍使用的播种机,其核心部件排种器采用的传动方式基本都是机械式传动,在实践中,机械式传动存在链条断裂、轴承损毁、株距调节繁琐等诸多的问题,针对这些问题,本文对国内外常用的几种播种机具的传动方式进行了研究,设计出了一套电力驱动式精密播种控制系统。在田间作业中,无论是采用地轮还是拖拉机侧边轮作为传动方式,行走轮的打滑现象都是无法避免的,但考虑到传感器的安装固定的便捷性、可靠性、通用性、脉冲传输距离及拖拉机行走时播种可控性,本研究以地轮位移变化为采集对象,通过多次试验,确定了地轮与排种器位移变化的随动数学关系;运用编程软件,编写C语言控制程序,将确定的随动数学关系融入到程序中,设计出一套玉米精密播种株距可调、播种株距均匀、同步传动的控制程序;控制系统脉冲信号是通过旋转增量式传感器,采集地轮的位移信号,将采集到的数字信号传送给芯片,通过芯片内的程序运算,发送脉冲信号给步进电机驱动器,控制步进电机驱动排种器同步传动工作,通过调节控制箱株距参数进行控制播种的株距。论文研究的电力驱动式玉米精密播种控制系统,是以拖拉机电瓶为电源,采用小动力步进电动机为动力驱动源,通过可编程控制系统对步进电机进行调控,实现同步精密播种控制系统;电力驱动播种单组是根据先定步进电机,后定驱动器的原则,选择与步进电动机相匹配的驱动器;控制系统对地轮直径参数和排种器一周播种数赋值后,可任意的调节所需的播种株距,实现电力驱动播种控制系统,达到均匀播种的目的。在吉林省农业机械研究院台架试验室和田间试验田进行对比试验,并对控制系统进行了验证,试验采用2BXM-2型精密播种机,分别采用电力驱动和机械式传动结构进行试验,本控制系统漏播率降低了17.6%,重播率降低了11.8%,变异系数降低了11.6%,播种株距的合格率≥90%,符合精密播种的要求,实现了播种株距的均匀性和任意调节。本论文研究的电力驱动播种系统,取代机械式传动,操作方便,利于整体结构的合理布局,提高了农业播种的自动化、信息化水平,为现代化科学技术在农业机械上的应用拓宽了领域,为农业从纯机械发展到电子控制提供更多研究资料和相关科学依据。
[Abstract]:Sowing occupies an important position in agricultural production, and the quality of its work directly affects the yield of crops. At present, the planter is widely used in our country. In practice, there are many problems in mechanical transmission, such as broken chain, damaged bearing, tedious adjustment of plant spacing and so on. In this paper, the transmission modes of several kinds of planters are studied, and a set of electric drive precision seeding control system is designed. In the field operation, both the ground wheel and the side wheel of tractor are used as the transmission mode. The slip phenomenon of the walking wheel is unavoidable, but considering the convenience, reliability, universality, pulse transmission distance and the controllability of the tractor, the change of the displacement of the ground wheel is taken as the acquisition object. Through many experiments, the following mathematical relation of displacement change between ground wheel and metering device is determined, and a C language control program is written by programming software to integrate the determined following mathematical relation into the program. A set of control program is designed, which can adjust the precise sowing distance of maize, even the spacing of sowing plants and drive synchronously. The pulse signal of the control system collects the displacement signal of the ground wheel through the rotating incremental sensor, and the displacement signal of the ground wheel is collected by the pulse signal of the control system. The collected digital signal is transmitted to the chip, the pulse signal is sent to the stepper motor driver through the program operation in the chip, and the synchronous drive of the step motor drive and metering device is controlled. By adjusting the parameters of the control box, the distance of seeding is controlled. The electric drive precision sowing control system of corn is developed in this paper. The electric battery of the tractor is used as the power source, and the small power stepping motor is used as the driving source. The synchronous precision seeding control system is realized through the control of step motor by programmable control system, the single group of electric drive seeding is selected according to the principle of first step motor and later fixed driver, and the driver matched with step motor is selected. After assigning the parameters of the ground wheel diameter and the seeding number per week of the metering device, the control system can arbitrarily adjust the required sowing space and realize the electric drive seeding control system. To achieve the goal of uniform seeding, a comparative experiment was carried out in the bench laboratory and field test field of Jilin Agricultural Machinery Research Institute, and the control system was verified. The precision planter 2BXM-2 was used in the experiment. By using electric drive and mechanical transmission structure respectively, the leakage rate of the control system is reduced by 17.6, the resowing rate by 11.8m, the coefficient of variation by 11.6. the qualified rate of sowing distance is 鈮，

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