南美白对虾饲料营养剂的研制及其在大棚养殖中的功效评价

发布时间：2018-03-09 18:11

本文选题：鱼粉加工废水　切入点：鱼溶浆　出处：《浙江海洋大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：本课题对以鱼粉加工废水为原料生产鱼溶浆的工艺进行探究。通过研究南美白对虾大棚养殖模式及池塘水体理化因子与浮游藻类的动态变化、鱼溶浆及配制饲料的营养成分,综合评价了鱼溶浆在南美白对虾大棚养殖中的功效。主要研究结果如下:通过对工艺流程的改进,酶解条件的优化最终确定了生产鱼溶浆的工艺流程及参数为:以鱼粉加工废水为原料,经脱脂后得到鱼蛋白水,在每1 kg鱼蛋白水中添加2.5 g中性蛋白酶,50±2℃、酶解2.5 h,再经过滤、浓缩后得到鱼溶浆。以干物质计,鱼溶浆中总氨基酸含量为66.69%,其中南美白对虾必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的44.85%,且种类齐全,组成平衡,完全可以作为南美白对虾饲料营养剂。鱼溶浆在南美白对虾大棚养殖中的功效研究在浙江省岱山县岱山南锋水产养殖试验场进行,同时对南美白对虾大棚养殖模式及池塘水体理化因子与浮游藻类的动态变化进行了研究。该养殖模式,3月22日投苗,7月20日左右起捕,整个养殖周期约为4个月,周期偏长;4口养殖池塘平均产量为1335±25.5 kg/667 m2,养殖成活率为77.88%±1.49%,饵料系数为1.51±0.04;养殖场配备海水沉淀池、消毒池、中央排污设施,保证了养殖水体的清洁和日常换水的进行,池塘配置底部爆气管增氧设备和水面水车式增氧,保证了养殖水体中溶解氧在5.00 mg/L以上。整个养殖周期,水温在16.85~31.75℃之间波动,整体呈上升趋势,但前期水温太低,导致虾苗生长缓慢,这可能是导致养殖周期偏长的主要原因,因此可以考虑将投苗时间推迟到4月下旬,这样可以缩短养殖周期,减少成本;pH在养殖前期逐渐降低,中后期基本稳定;氨氮含量在0.20~6.56 mg/L之间,亚硝酸盐氮含量在0.002~29.5 mg/L之间,各池塘中后期亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮含量显著偏高,对南美白对虾生长和免疫功能有不利影响。养殖水体中出现的浮游藻类6门36种(属),其中绿藻门13种(属),甲藻门6种(属),硅藻门6种(属),金藻门6种(属),裸藻门3种(属),蓝藻门2种(属)。优势种共8种(属),绿藻门的优势种为拟衣藻、卵囊藻、球衣藻,硅藻门的优势种为小环藻、菱形藻,金藻门的优势种为小土栖藻,蓝藻门的优势种为色球藻、颤藻。理化因子和浮游藻类群落结构阶段性变化明显。鱼溶浆在南美白对虾大棚养殖的功效研究中以天邦南美白对虾2号配合饲料为基础饲料,以平均体长为2.25 cm左右的南美白对虾为研究对象,以投喂添加5%鱼溶浆饲料的池塘为试验组,以投喂未添加鱼溶浆饲料的池塘为对照组。研究发现,试验组南美白对虾提前4到6天上市,饵料系数降低了5.3%,养殖水体的亚硝酸盐含量明显低于对照组(P0.05),虾血清中碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、酚氧化酶(PO)的活力明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结果表明:添加了5%鱼溶浆的对虾饲料中南美白对虾必需氨基酸含量尤其是赖氨酸(Lys)含量明显提高,丰富的游离氨基酸(牛磺酸Tau)、小肽等小分子营养物质都可以促进南美白对虾的生长,免疫力的提高,饲料利用率的提高;鱼溶浆本身具有浓郁的腥香味,具有诱食作用,对于提高饲料利用率有一定的作用;鱼溶浆可以促进养殖水体中浮游植物的生长,使水体中溶解氧升高,从而降低养殖水体中亚硝酸盐氮和氨氮的浓度,减少甚至消除氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对南美白对虾生长和免疫功能的不良影响。
[Abstract]:The subject of the process to Fishmeal Wastewater for the production of raw fish slurry are explored. By studying the dynamic changes of P.vannamei greenhouse culture model and pond water physicochemical factors and phytoplankton, dissolved nutrients and fish feed slurry preparation, comprehensive evaluation of the fish soluble vannamei Cultured in the greenhouse effect in the south the main results are as follows: through the improvement of the process, the optimization of hydrolysis conditions to determine the process and parameters for producing fish soluble in the Fishmeal Wastewater as raw material, fish protein water after defatting, adding 2.5 g neutral protease in each of the 1 kg fish protein in water, 50 + 2 C 2.5 h, enzymolysis, filtering, concentrating to obtain fish soluble. In dry matter, total amino acid content in pulp soluble fish was 66.69%, of which P.vannamei essential amino acids and total amino acid 44.85%, and now, a complete balance Can be used as Penaeus vannamei feed nutrition agent. Fish soluble in Whiteleg Shrimp cultured in the greenhouse effect research in Zhejiang County of Daishan province Daishan Nanfeng aquaculture field test, at the same time on P.vannamei greenhouse farming mode and pond water physicochemical factors and phytoplankton dynamic change were studied. The breeding mode. In March 22nd for the seedlings, harvesting around July 20th, the whole culture period of about 4 months, the cycle is long; the average yield of 4 ponds was 1335 + 25.5 kg/667 m2, the survival rate was 77.88% + 1.49%, 1.51 + 0.04 feed coefficient; farms with water tank, disinfection tank, central sewage disposal facilities to ensure the water clean, and the daily change of water, pond bottom blasting aeration equipment and configuration of tracheal surface to ensure the waterwheel type oxygen increasing, the dissolved oxygen in water is more than 5 mg/L. The whole culture period, the water temperature at 16.85 The fluctuation between ~31.75 DEG C, the overall upward trend, but the water temperature is too low, resulting in slow growth of the shrimp, which may be the main reason for the breeding cycle is too long, so you can consider dropping seedling time delayed until late April, so as to shorten the breeding cycle, reduce cost; pH decreased gradually in the early stage of cultivation, in the late period of the basic stability; ammonia nitrogen content in the 0.20~6.56 mg/L between the content of nitrite nitrogen in 0.002~29.5 mg/L, the late nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen content of each pond is significantly high, have adverse effects on Penaeus vannamei growth and immune function. In aquaculture water phytoplankton in the 6 phylum 36 species (genera), 13 species (genera Chlorophyta), Pyrrophyta 6 species (genera), 6 bacillariophyta species (genus), Chrysophyta (6 genera), Euglenophyta 3 species (genera), Cyanophyta 2 species (genera). 8 dominant species (genus), dominant species of green algae gate is chloromonas. The oocysts of algae, Chlamydomonas ball, Bacillariophyta The dominant species were Cyclotella sp., Nitzschia, the dominant species were small soil dwelling algae Chrysophyta, dominant species of Cyanophyta as chroococcus, Oscillatoria. Physicochemical factors and phytoplankton community structure phase change significantly. Effect of soluble fish paste in Penaeus vannamei Cultured in greenhouse to the days of the state of South America No. 2 white shrimp feed to feed, with an average body length of about 2.25 cm vannamei as the research object, to feed adding 5% fish soluble feed pond as the experimental group, the Fed did not add fish soluble feed pond as the control group. The study found that the experimental group of Penaeus vannamei 4 to 6 days in advance listing, feed coefficient decreased by 5.3%, the content of nitrite in aquaculture water was significantly lower than the control group (P0.05), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum of shrimp, catalase (CAT), phenoloxidase (PO) activity was significantly higher than that of the control group (P0.05). The results show that: adding 5% fish soluble pulp The feed for prawn Penaeus vannmei essential amino acids especially lysine (Lys) content increased significantly, plenty of free amino acids (taurine Tau), small peptides and other small molecular nutrients can promote the growth of Penaeus vannamei, enhance immunity, improve the utilization rate of feed; fish soluble itself has a strong smell scent attractant has, to improve feed utilization rate has certain effect; fish soluble can promote the growth of phytoplankton in water, the dissolved oxygen in the water is increased, thereby reducing the concentration of nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture water, reduce or even eliminate the adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen on growth and immune function of shrimp Penaeus.

【学位授予单位】：浙江海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S968.22

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