水肥一体化智能设备关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-03-10 16:43

本文选题：太阳能灌溉　切入点：水肥一体化　出处：《广州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：水肥一体化技术是借助于灌溉系统压力将混合溶液送到农作物的根部土壤,具有水肥利用率高和施肥浓度均匀,对环境和土壤的污染较低。根据不同农作物的需肥生长特性和土壤墒情,将灌溉水携带的肥料溶液通过水管网络和滴头,将营养液均匀的送到农作物的根部土壤,确保每一滴混合溶液的被充分吸收。目前引进的国外智能灌溉系统系统精密、设备昂贵,操作模式复杂。且国外的温室大棚比国内的规模要大很多,造成了设备成本的浪费,并不适合我国的国情。国内的智能灌溉设备一般比较简陋,文丘里管规格不全,适用性能差,系统的采集精度不高,施肥浓度不均匀,不能实现所需化肥按的智能配比。大多数的灌溉器是使用液体肥料和水的配合,通过水网送到植物根部周围,造成施肥不均匀,肥液浓度不准确。因此研究水肥一体化精确配比关键技术和研究符合我国国情的可移动、小型的,可以适合农民消费需求的精确灌溉设备,对现代农业发展有重要的意义。本文的主要研究内容如下:(1)针对太阳能灌溉系统不能连续工作的缺点,设计了太阳能和市电互补供电智能提水灌溉系统,弥补传统太阳能电板受日照影响,不能连续、稳定工作的不足。该控制系统有太阳能阵列、智能光伏逆变器、水位控制器等构成,该智能提水系统保证了充足的灌溉用水量。(2)为了节约灌溉系统的成本,提出了使用多级并联文丘里管作为水肥精确配比的核心器件。通过搭建精确配肥灌溉平台,研究不同灌溉模式下的文丘里管吸肥规律。(3)提出了水肥精确配比智能灌溉系统,该系统使用多级并联配肥装置,PLC控制器、触摸屏和CE/PH传感器结合起来,实现根据农作物的生长需求,调节水肥精确配比和智能灌溉。通过开发组态界面,用户在触摸屏上点击相应的按钮,设置需要的吸肥器数量和灌溉时间。
[Abstract]:The integrated technology of water and fertilizer is to send the mixed solution to the root soil of crops by means of the pressure of irrigation system, which has high water and fertilizer utilization rate and uniform fertilization concentration. Environmental and soil pollution is low. According to the growth characteristics of different crops and soil moisture, the fertilizer solution carried by irrigation water is passed through the water pipe network and the dripper, and the nutrient solution is uniformly delivered to the root soil of the crop. Ensure that every drop of mixed solution is fully absorbed. The foreign intelligent irrigation systems currently introduced are sophisticated, expensive, and operate in a complex manner. Foreign greenhouses are much larger than domestic ones, resulting in a waste of equipment costs. Domestic intelligent irrigation equipment is generally relatively simple, Venturi pipe specifications are not complete, applicable performance is poor, the collection accuracy of the system is not high, the concentration of fertilizer is not uniform, The intelligent proportion of the required fertilizer cannot be achieved. Most irrigators use liquid fertilizers and water, which are sent through water nets around the roots of plants, resulting in uneven fertilization. Therefore, research on key technologies of water and fertilizer integration and accurate ratio and research on removable, small irrigation equipment that can meet the needs of farmers' consumption can be carried out in accordance with the national conditions of our country. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: 1) aiming at the shortcoming that solar irrigation system can not work continuously, an intelligent water carrying irrigation system with complementary power supply of solar energy and electricity is designed. This control system consists of solar array, intelligent photovoltaic inverter, water level controller and so on. In order to save the cost of irrigation system, the multi-stage parallel Venturi pipe is used as the core device of accurate ratio of water and fertilizer. This paper presents an intelligent irrigation system with precise ratio of water and fertilizer. The intelligent irrigation system is composed of multi-stage parallel fertilizer dispensing device, PLC controller, touch screen and CE/PH sensor. Through the development of configuration interface, the user clicks the corresponding button on the touch screen, sets the required quantity of fertilizer absorber and irrigation time.
【学位授予单位】：广州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2;S277.9

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