连续施用生物炭对土壤理化性质及氮肥利用率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-11 19:00

本文选题：生物炭　切入点：棕壤　出处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为探讨连续施用生物炭及生物炭不同用量对土壤肥力及氮肥利用率的影响,在沈阳农业大学后山棕壤新型肥料试验基地(始建于2013年)布置生物炭用量定位试验,设置4个生物炭用量梯度0,1.5,3,6 t·hm-2,研究不同用量生物炭对棕壤理化性质、玉米产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:生物炭对玉米苗期土壤含水量的影响不大,随着生育期的推进,逐渐表现出其保水性能;添加生物炭可以降低土壤容重,不同用量生物炭处理的土壤容重较NPK处理平均降低了6.04%,且容重随施炭量的增加而降低;施用生物炭可以提高土壤pH值、有机质和全氮含量,与NPK处理相比,C2NPK、C3NPK处理土壤有机质含量分别提高了31.20%、32.61%,全氮含量分别提高了6.73%、6.09%,差异显著;同时施用生物炭可以促进土壤矿质态氮的缓慢释放。连续添加生物炭可以促进玉米的生长发育,提高玉米产量,2013年,不同用量生物炭处理间差异未达显著水平。2014年,生物炭处理的玉米产量随施炭量的增加而升高,C3NPK、C2NPK处理的玉米产量分别较NPK、C1NPK处理提高了21.36%、10.99%与17.19%、7.18%。2015年,仍以C3NPK处理玉米产量最高,较NPK处理增产9.09%。无论是否将生物炭中氮含量计入施氮总量,生物炭处理均能提高氮肥利用率。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effects of continuous application of biochar and different amounts of biochar on soil fertility and nitrogen utilization efficiency, a new type of fertilizer experiment base of Houshan brown soil of Shenyang Agricultural University (founded in 2013) was designed to locate the amount of biochar. The effects of different biochar levels on the physicochemical properties of brown soil, maize yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied by setting 4 biochar application gradient 0 ~ (1.5) C ~ (3 +) and 6 t 路hm ~ (-2). The results showed that biochar had little effect on soil water content in seedling stage of maize, and with the development of growth period, the effect of biochar on soil water content was not significant. The soil bulk density of different biochar treatments decreased 6.04 than that of NPK treatment, and the bulk density decreased with the increase of carbon application amount, and the soil pH value increased with the application of biochar. Compared with NPK treatment, organic matter content and total nitrogen content of C _ 2NPK _ (C _ 3NPK) treatment increased 31.20 ~ 32.61, and total nitrogen content increased 6.73 ~ 6.09, respectively. At the same time, the application of biochar could promote the slow release of mineral nitrogen in soil. Continuous addition of biochar could promote the growth and development of maize and increase the yield of maize. In 2013, the difference between different amounts of biochar treatment was not significant. With the increase of the amount of carbon applied, the corn yield of the biological carbon treatment increased by 21.36% and 10.99% respectively compared with that of the treatment of NPK C1NPK, and the maize yield of the treatment of C _ 3NPK was still the highest in the period of 17.197.18.2015, and the corn yield of the treatment was higher than that of the treatment of C _ 3NPK, which was higher than that of the treatment of C _ 3NPK, respectively. The yield was 9.09% higher than that of NPK treatment. No matter if the nitrogen content in biochar was taken into account in the total nitrogen application amount, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate could be improved by biological carbon treatment.
【作者单位】：沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院/土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业部东北玉米营养与施肥科学观测实验站;辽宁生物炭工程技术研究中心;
【基金】：国家公益性(农业)行业科技专项项目(201303095) 国家科技支持计划项目(2013BAD08B04,2013BAD07B00)
【分类号】：S141;S513

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