无定河流域生态经济因子与水沙变化响应关系研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 17:35

本文选题：无定河　切入点：流域　出处：《西安理工大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无定河为黄河中游的重要支流,流经陕北黄土高原地区。近年来,随着社会经济的发展变化,特别是伴随外来务工人员增速的不断下滑,一种倾向农村和农业经济发展的逆城市化的“城归”现象涌现,使得农业经济进入了一个新的发展阶段。因此,在人类活动日益频繁和黄土区退耕还林还草措施实施的背景下,加强水沙变异产生的溯源分析,建立“经济、生态与水沙”间的响应关系,对于研究流域生态经济因子与水沙变化的响应关系具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本研究以无定河流域水沙变化特征为研究对象,综合运用Mann-kendall和Pettitt水文统计法、双累积和距平累积曲线法,结合GIS分析技术,借助SPSS软件中的回归分析和通径分析等数理统计方法,研究流域生态经济因子与水沙变化的响应关系,并就无定河不同尺度流域下的“经济、生态和水沙”间的差异性变化展开研究,从而为流域生态经济经济的可持续发展提供参考。本文取得的主要研究成果如下:(1)水沙突变点检验与趋势变化:从无定河流域出口站白家川站和各支流监测站点数据来看,近30年来,无定河流域水沙整体呈减少变化趋势,且相关性总体较好,除芦河流域水沙关系不显著外,无定河干流及其支流水沙呈显著正相关关系。在流域径流量的突变检验中发现,海流兔河、芦河和黑木头川流域径流量第一突变点集中在1994-1997年,第二突变点集中在2003～2005年间,而无定河流域的第一突变点发生较早(1988年),第二突变点则与支流突变时间相一致。这主要受流域三北防护林建设和退耕还林(草)等生态建设影响。而在输沙量的突变点检验中,无定河流域及其支流的突变时间集中在20世纪90年代前后。(2)生态系统弹性力的时空演变及其与水沙变化关系:从不同地域的生态系统弹性力统计数据来看,黑木头川和无定河流域生态系统弹性力呈明显的增长变化趋势,且受地理特征影响,南部普遍高于北部地区,并随年际推移不断增长变化。从两条流域生态系统弹性力与水沙变化的相关关系来看,二者间均呈较强的负相关关系,流域生态环境不断改善,水土流失现象得到控制,水沙呈现减小变化趋势,且黑木头川流域减水减沙效益显著。(3)不同尺度流域下经济和生态因子与水沙变化响应关系:通过多元回归和通径分析法可知,黑木头川流域生态因子对于水沙变化影响显著,且其经济因子的影响主要与流域经济发展方向有关;随着流域控制面积的增长,影响无定河流域水沙变化的经济因子趋于统一,农业因子和自然因子影响作用显著,而水保和工业因子的影响作用减弱。
[Abstract]:The Wuding River is an important tributary of the Yellow River in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, flowing through the Loess Plateau region of Northern Shaanxi. In recent years, with the development of social economy, especially with the continuous decline of the growth rate of migrant workers, The emergence of a "city return" phenomenon, which tends to the development of rural and agricultural economy, has made the agricultural economy enter a new stage of development. Therefore, under the background of the increasing human activities and the implementation of the measures of returning farmland to forests and grassland in loess areas, To strengthen the traceability analysis of water and sediment variation, and to establish the response relationship between "economy, ecology and water and sediment". It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the response relationship between the ecological economic factors and the changes of water and sediment in the basin. This study takes the characteristics of water and sediment changes in the Wuding River Basin as the research object, and synthetically applies the Mann-kendall and Pettitt hydrological statistics methods. The relationship between the ecological economic factors and the changes of water and sediment was studied by means of the double cumulative and anomalous cumulative curve method, combined with the GIS analysis technique, with the help of the mathematical statistical methods such as regression analysis and path analysis in SPSS software. The differences between "economy, ecology and water and sediment" in Wuding River are studied. The main research results obtained in this paper are as follows: 1) Inspection and trend change of abrupt change point of water and sediment: from the data of Shijiachuan station and the monitoring station of tributaries in Wuding River Basin, the main research results obtained in this paper are as follows:. In recent 30 years, the water and sediment in Wuding River basin showed a decreasing trend, and the correlation was good, except that the relationship between water and sediment in Luhe River basin was not significant. There was a significant positive correlation between the main stream of Wuding River and its tributaries, income sand. The results of abrupt change test of runoff in Wuding River, Luhe River and Heimuchuan River basins showed that the first mutation point of runoff was concentrated in 1994-1997, the second mutation point was concentrated in 20032005, the first mutation point of runoff was concentrated in 1994-1997, and the second mutation point was in 20032005. However, the first mutation occurred earlier in Wuding River Basin (1988), and the second mutation point coincided with the time of tributary mutation. This was mainly affected by the construction of three northern shelterbelts and ecological construction such as returning cropland to forest (grass). Of the mutation point test, The abrupt time of Wuding River Basin and its tributaries is concentrated around 1990s.) the temporal and spatial evolution of ecosystem elasticity and its relationship with the change of water and sediment: from the statistical data of ecosystem elasticity in different regions, The elasticity of the ecosystem in Heiwu River Basin and Wuding River Basin showed an obvious increasing trend, and affected by geographical characteristics, it was generally higher in the south than in the northern region. From the relationship between the elasticity of the two watershed ecosystems and the changes of water and sediment, there is a strong negative correlation between them, and the ecological environment of the basin is constantly improved, and the phenomenon of soil erosion is controlled. The change trend of water and sediment is decreasing, and the benefit of water and sediment reduction in Heiwuchuan watershed is significant. (3) the response of economic and ecological factors to the change of water and sediment under different scales: through multivariate regression and path analysis. The influence of ecological factors on the changes of water and sediment is significant, and the influence of economic factors is mainly related to the development direction of river basin economy, and with the increase of watershed control area, the economic factors affecting the changes of water and sediment in Wuding River basin tend to be unified. The effects of agricultural and natural factors were significant, but the effects of soil and water conservation and industrial factors were weaker.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S157

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