福建省蔬菜象耳豆根结线虫的发生、鉴定与分子检测

发布时间：2018-03-11 21:21

  本文选题：象耳豆根结线虫　切入点：福建　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：象耳豆根结线虫(Meloidogyne enterolobii)近年来已成为热带及亚热带地区蔬菜上最重要的根结线虫种类之一。福建省蔬菜产业是福建省最重要的种植产业,但目前对蔬菜象耳豆根结线虫病缺乏系统调研。本论文对福建省蔬菜象耳豆根结线虫病的发生与病原鉴定进行系统研究,为福建省象耳豆根结线虫防控提供重要的理论依据。2014-2016年期间,调查了福建省9个市的主要蔬菜基地,通过形态学与分子生物学方法进行鉴定,采用根结线虫种的特异性引物进行检测,明确福建省蔬菜根结线虫种类为南方根结线虫(M.incognita)、象耳豆根结线虫(M.enterolobii)、花生根结线虫(M.arenaria)、爪哇根结线虫(M.javanica),南方根结线虫在福建省蔬菜产区为优势种群;象耳豆根结线虫在闽南地区的胡萝卜(Daucus carota)、辣椒(Capsicum annuum)、雍菜(Ipomoea aquatica)上发生为害,并造成严重的经济损失。象耳豆根结线虫首次在福建省辣椒、雍菜上发现,雍菜是象耳豆根结线虫的新寄主,在田间表现为单一优势种群,或与南方根结线虫混合种群发生。对福建闽南地区与福州地区共计14个基地的番石榴(Psidium guajava)根结线虫病进行了病原种类鉴定,结果表明均为象耳豆根结线虫。从田间调查与接种实验结果表明,受象耳豆根结线虫感染的番石榴病株或种苗是闽南地区部分蔬菜象耳豆根结线虫病的重要初侵染源。对采自福建省胡萝卜、辣椒、雍菜、番石榴的象耳豆根结线虫12个种群的mtDNA的COⅡ和lrRNA基因间序列进行扩增与测序,采用贝叶斯(Bayesian)分析构建的系统发育树表明,象耳豆根结线虫种均与国内外其他种群的象耳豆根结线虫种群在同一进分化分枝,与其他根结线虫种可明显分开。通过接种实验表明,南方根结线虫、象耳豆根结线虫、爪哇根结线虫均可对胡萝卜造成严重侵染。所有严重受侵染的胡萝卜都变短,根结严重,易分叉。象耳豆根结线虫引起的症状与其他2种根结线虫症状存在着一定的差异,主要表现为象耳豆根结线虫引起胡萝卜直根散生多个膨大的、半圆形的瘤状结构,从直根的膨大根结处又长出许多须根,并在须根上形成串珠状的根结或结瘿。其他2种根结线虫在胡萝卜直根上较少产生根结,主要刺激胡萝卜直根产生次生根,并在次生根上寄生为害。根据本研究结果以及结合多年来的调查资料,象耳豆根结线虫已在闽南地区的蔬菜基地呈现快速扩大蔓延趋势,成为最重要的病原线虫之一。
[Abstract]:Meloidogyne enterolobii) has become one of the most important root-knot nematode species in tropical and subtropical vegetables in recent years. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation on root knot nematode disease of vegetable elephant bean. In this paper, the occurrence and pathogen identification of root-knot nematode disease in Fujian Province were systematically studied. During 2014-2016, the main vegetable bases in nine cities of Fujian Province were investigated and identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. The specific primers of root-knot nematode species were used for detection. The species of vegetable root knot nematodes in Fujian Province were identified as M. incognita, M. enterolobiii, M. arenaria, M. javanica. and M. javanica, respectively. The root-knot nematodes of Daucus carotaa, Capsicum annuumum, Ipomoea aquatica. in southern Fujian were damaged and caused serious economic losses. The nematodes were found in Fujian Province for the first time. Yongcai is a new host of root-knot nematode, which is a single dominant population in the field. The species of Psidium guajava (Psidium guajava) root-knot nematode from 14 bases in southern Fujian and Fuzhou were identified. The results showed that they were root-knot nematodes, and the results of field investigation and inoculation showed that, Guava plants or seedlings infected by root-knot nematodes of Elephantus lanceolata are the important initial infection sources of root-knot nematode disease in some vegetables of southern Fujian. The results were collected from carrot, pepper and uvularia in Fujian Province. The CO 鈪，

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