混作对紫云英黑麦草生长、养分吸收及土壤磷转化的影响

发布时间：2018-03-13 04:32

本文选题：黑麦草　切入点：紫云英　出处：《华中农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：紫云英与黑麦草混作是南方稻田绿肥生产中一种高效的种植模式,相比于单作种植,能够更加充分地利用资源,获得更高的生物量和氮磷钾养分累积量,翻压还田后为后季作物提供养分及培肥地力。本试验以黑麦草和紫云英为研究材料,通过土培试验和根箱试验,研究了紫云英与黑麦草混作对其生长、养分吸收及土壤磷有效性的影响,探索紫云英与黑麦草混作优势产生的机制,为紫云英与黑麦草混作提高土壤养分资源的利用和绿肥生产效率提供依据。主要研究结果如下:(1)紫云英与黑麦草混作种植方式对黑麦草的促进作用大于对紫云英的抑制作用,混作系统生物量表现出混作优势,施磷水平下混作优势更明显。(2)紫云英与黑麦草混作显著促进了黑麦草磷吸收累积,混作系统磷吸收量表现出混作优势,且低磷水平下混作系统磷吸收优势更高。相比于单作系统,低磷水平下盛花期混作系统磷吸收量增加了20.4%,施磷水平下盛花期混作系统磷吸收量增加了18.6%。混作显著提高了黑麦草氮和钾吸收累积量,混作黑麦草氮和钾增加量大于混作紫云英的减少量,混作系统表现出氮钾吸收优势,施磷水平下混作系统氮钾吸收优势更高。相比于单作系统,盛花期低磷水平下混作系统氮吸收量增加了28.6%,施磷水平下混作系统氮吸收量增加了31.6%。相比于单作系统,盛花期低磷水平下混作系统钾吸收量增加了24.5%,施磷水平下混作系统钾吸收量增加了38.6%。(3)相比于单作黑麦草处理,紫云英与黑麦草混作能够提高黑麦草根际土壤有效磷含量,混作紫云英根际土壤有效磷含量与单作处理之间变化规律不明显,混作根区土壤有效磷含量高于单作紫云英和单作黑麦草处理。紫云英与黑麦草混作能够降低黑麦草和紫云英根际土壤无机磷Al-P和Fe-P含量,对O-P和Ca-P影响不明显,混作促进了部分难溶性磷向有效态转化,且低磷水平下表现更明显。(4)紫云英与黑麦草混作能够促进混作根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性的提高,具有降低根际土壤p H的趋势,是两种作物混作提高磷吸收富集能力的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:The mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass is an efficient planting mode in the green manure production of rice field in southern China. Compared with monoculture, it can make more full use of resources and obtain higher biomass and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient accumulation. In this experiment, ryegrass and yew were used as the research materials, the growth of ryegrass and ryegrass mixed with ryegrass was studied by soil culture test and root box test. The effects of nutrient uptake and phosphorus availability on soil phosphorus availability were investigated to explore the mechanism of dominant production in mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass. The main results are as follows: (1) the effect of mixed planting of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass on ryegrass is greater than that on Lolium yezoensis. The biomass of mixed cropping system showed the advantage of mixed cropping, and the advantage of mixed cropping was more obvious under phosphorus application level.) the mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass significantly promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in ryegrass, and the phosphorus uptake of mixed cropping system showed the advantage of mixed cropping. Compared with the monoculture system, the phosphorus absorption advantage of the mixed cropping system was higher than that of the monoculture system. The phosphorus uptake of mixed cropping system at full flowering stage increased by 20.4 at low phosphorus level, and that of mixed cropping system at full flowering stage increased by 18.6.The nitrogen and potassium uptake accumulation of ryegrass was significantly increased by mixed cropping. The increase of nitrogen and potassium in ryegrass was greater than that in the mixed cropping. The nitrogen and potassium absorption advantage of mixed cropping system was higher than that of monoculture system, and the advantage of nitrogen and potassium absorption in mixed cropping system was higher than that in monoculture system. The nitrogen uptake of the mixed cropping system increased by 28.6at the peak flowering stage and 31.6by the nitrogen absorption of the mixed cropping system at the phosphorus application level. Compared with the monoculture system, the nitrogen absorption of the mixed cropping system increased by 28.6. Compared with single ryegrass treatment, the potassium uptake of mixed cropping system increased by 24.5g at full flowering stage, and increased by 38.6% at P application level. Compared with single ryegrass treatment, the available phosphorus content in ryegrass rhizosphere soil was increased by the mixed cropping of Lolium yezoensis and ryegrass. The change of available phosphorus content in rhizosphere soil of mixed cropping was not obvious with monoculture treatment. The content of available phosphorus in soil in the root zone of mixed cropping was higher than that in monoculture and ryegrass. The content of inorganic phosphorus (Al-P and Fe-P) in the rhizosphere of ryegrass and yew was decreased, but the effect on O-P and Ca-P was not obvious. The mixed cropping promoted the conversion of some insoluble phosphorus to the available form, and under the low phosphorus level, it was more obvious that the mixed cropping of purple cloud and ryegrass could promote the increase of acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil, and the trend of decreasing pH in the rhizosphere soil. It is one of the important reasons to increase phosphorus absorption and enrichment ability by mixed cropping of two crops.
【学位授予单位】：华中农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S543.7

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