塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地咸水灌溉下四种观赏植物的筛选试验

发布时间：2018-03-16 00:23

本文选题：塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地　切入点：咸水灌溉　出处：《四川师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：塔克拉玛干沙漠沙是我国重要的石油天然气储备基地,也是我国最大的沙漠油田—塔中油田所在地。塔克拉玛干沙漠作为世界第二大流动性沙漠,素有“死亡之海”之称,沙漠腹地恶劣的自然环境和频繁的风沙活动,严重威胁油田作业安全与工人身心健康。营建风沙防护林和扩大人工绿化面积是降低油田安全风险和改善作业区生产生活环境的主要手段。但沙漠腹地气候极端干旱,无地表水分布,储量丰富、矿化度较高的地下水资源是主要的灌溉水源,干旱和咸水灌溉是植物生存面临的主要障碍,筛选耐盐、抗旱的观赏植物应用于防护林建设和园区绿化,对改善沙漠腹地生产生活环境具有重要意义。同时,以塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地特殊的自然环境为背景,研究水盐胁迫对植物生长和生理特性的影响,具有独特的生态学意义。本文根据塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地地下水矿化度分布现状和新疆生地所塔中沙漠植物园现有的灌溉制度,设置了淡水、5g/L、8g/L、11g/L、13/L、15g/L、17g/L共7个盐分梯度(淡水为对照)和15L、20L、25L、30L、40L共5个水量梯度(30L为对照),通过田间控制实验,研究了不同盐度咸水灌溉下水盐胁迫对四种植物生长和生理特性的影响,为四种植物在沙漠腹地防护林建设和园区绿化中的生态应用及沙漠腹地灌溉制度的优化提供科学依据。研究结果表明:(1)不同盐度的咸水灌溉下,互叶醉鱼草的成活率、生物量、株高、冠幅增量都明显高于北沙柳。因此,在各盐度咸水灌溉下灌木引种都应优先选择互叶醉鱼草。(2)在淡水和咸水盐度低于13g/L时,灰胡杨的株高、冠幅增长量高于小叶白蜡;而咸水盐度在15g/L以上时,灰胡杨死亡率接近70%,且其株高、冠幅增长量开始低于小叶白蜡。因此,在淡水或咸水盐度低于13g/L时,乔木引种应优先选择灰胡杨;咸水盐度高于15g/L时,应优先选择小叶白蜡。(3)四种植物的耐盐阈值:小叶白蜡互叶醉鱼草灰胡杨北沙柳。其中,小叶白蜡和互叶醉鱼草的耐盐阈值应高于17g/L;但咸水盐度高于15g/L时,互叶醉鱼草出现盐害症状,而小叶白蜡生长良好。灰胡杨的耐盐阈值低于15g/L,北沙柳的耐盐阈值低于8g/L。因此,咸水盐度低于17g/L时,小叶白蜡、互叶醉鱼草可以引种,但咸水盐度低于15g/L时互叶醉鱼草引种成活率更高;灰胡杨不宜在盐度高于15g/L的咸水灌溉区引种,北沙柳不宜在盐度为8g/L以上的咸水灌溉区引种。(4)淡水和低盐度咸水灌溉下,灌水量是影响植物生长的主要因子:灌水量高于30L或低于15L时四种植物的生长量相对较低,灌水量为20~25L时互叶醉鱼草、灰胡杨和北沙柳的生长情况最好,灌水量对小叶白蜡的生长影响不明显。高盐度的咸水灌溉下,盐胁迫是影响植物生长的主要因子:当咸水盐度接近或达到植物耐盐阈值时,盐胁迫对植物生长有明显的抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Desert sand is an important petroleum reserve base, is China's largest desert oilfield - where the tower in the Taklimakan Desert. As the world's second largest mobile desert, known as the "sea of death", the natural environment and the harsh desert hinterland frequent sandstorm activities, a serious threat to oil field operations safety and physical and mental health of workers. The construction of protective forest and artificial afforestation area is the main means to expand production and living environment the operation area of the oil field safety risks and improve the lower. But the desert climate is extremely dry, no surface water distribution, abundant groundwater resources, high degree of mineralization is the main source of irrigation, drought and saline water irrigation is the main obstacles facing the survival of plants, salt tolerance, drought resistant ornamental plants used in forest construction and green park, to improve the living environment of producing Desert Hinterland Is of great significance. At the same time, in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert special natural environment as the background, study on the effects of water and salt stress on the growth and physiological characteristics of plants, with unique ecological significance. According to the distribution of degree of irrigation system of desert hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert groundwater and Xinjiang to Suota in the botanical garden of the existing set of fresh water 5g/L, 8g/L, 11g/L, 13/L, 15g/L, 17g/L a total of 7 salinity gradient (water as control) and 15L, 20L, 25L, 30L, 40L a total of 5 water gradient (30L control), a field control experiment of different irrigation water salinity under the effect of salt stress on plant growth and physiology four the characteristics, provide a scientific basis for the optimization of four kinds of plants in the desert hinterland of shelterbelt construction and park greening in ecological applications and desert irrigation system. The results show that: (1) the different salinity of brackish water irrigation Next, the survival rate, buddlejaalternifolia biomass, plant height, crown diameter increment is obviously higher than that of Salix psammophila. Therefore, the salinity of saline water irrigation should be preferred in shrub buddlejaalternifolia. (2) in freshwater and brackish water salinity is lower than 13g/L, p.pruinosa height, crown diameter growth was higher than the salt water salinity in Fraxinus Sogdiana; above 15g/L, p.pruinosa mortality rate close to 70%, and the plant height, crown width growth rate became lower than Fraxinus Sogdiana. Therefore, in fresh or salt water salinity is lower than 13g/L, the introduction of trees should be preferred p.pruinosa; salt water salinity is higher than 15g/L, should be selected in Fraxinus Sogdiana (3). Four species of salt tolerant threshold: Fraxinus Sogdiana leaf Populus Salix psammophila pulverin mutual Buddleia. Among them, the salt tolerance threshold of Fraxinus Sogdiana and buddlejaalternifolia should be higher than 17g/L; but the water salinity is higher than 15g/L, buddlejaalternifolia appear salt injury symptoms, and Fraxinus Sogdiana grew well. P.pruinosa salt threshold is lower than 15g/L, Salix psammophila salt tolerance threshold is lower than 8g/L.. Therefore, water salinity is lower than 17g/L, Fraxinus Sogdiana, buddlejaalternifolia introduced, buddlejaalternifolia introduced a high survival rate but lower than 15g/L water salinity; p.pruinosa should not be higher than 15g/L in the salinity of brackish water irrigation district introduction, Salix psammophila not in the salinity above 8g/L brackish water irrigation district introduction. (4) freshwater and low salinity brackish water irrigation, irrigation is the main factor affecting the growth of plants, irrigation is higher than 30L or lower than 15L growth of four species is relatively low, the irrigation amount was 20~25L buddlejaalternifolia, growth of p.pruinosa and Salix psammophila had the best effect of irrigation on the growth of Fraxinus Sogdiana is not obvious. High salinity brackish water irrigation under salt stress is the main factor affecting the growth of plants: when water salinity approached or reached the threshold of plant salt tolerance, salt stress It is forced to inhibit the growth of plants.

【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S68;S27

【参考文献】