微生物制剂对西瓜枯萎病的防治研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 19:30

本文选题：西瓜　切入点：枯萎病　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：西瓜枯萎病是西瓜的主要病害之一,是一种毁灭性的维管束土传病害。其致病菌尖孢镰刀菌有很强的定殖力,可以在土壤中越冬并存活数年之久,并且防治难度大,众多方法中人们越来越青睐于生物防治。利用生防菌剂是进行生物防治的主要方法,生防菌剂在环境兼容性和安全性上具有传统防治方法如化学防治、农业防治等无法比拟的优点。利用生防菌剂防治西瓜枯萎病的关键是找到对西瓜枯萎病致病菌有强抑制作用的生防菌,本实验室具有长期生防菌研究利用的经验,在此基础上对西瓜枯萎病的生防菌进行了筛选并进行固态发酵制成微生物制剂,并采用盆钵试验和田间实验,分别在根际施用微生物制剂对西瓜枯萎病的防治效果、对西瓜植株生长的促生作用以及对西瓜产量、品质的影响进行了研究,获得了如下主要结果:(1)将实验室已保藏的功能菌与分离得到西瓜枯萎病病原菌在实验室通过平板对峙法进行了拮抗微生物筛选,并筛选出了几株拮抗性较强的菌株。其中菌株Y1、D-10、M-43、M-16对西瓜枯萎病菌的抑制率较好,其抑制率分别为79.1%、75.0%、70.8%、68.8%。(2)通过盆钵试验在苗期施用不同处理、不同浓度的微生物制剂观察对西瓜生长的影响。其中处理T1、T2、T3、T5、T6及T7对西瓜的出苗率及各生长指标影响不同,随着菌剂施加浓度的减小而呈现增大的趋势;而处理T4则是随着施加浓度的增大而呈现明显的促生效果。综合各项指标,得出了7个处理的最适施加浓度分别为0.5%、0.5%、1%、3%、1%、0.5%和0.5%。(3)处理T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6及T7对西瓜枯萎病有着不同程度的防治效果,其中处理T3的防效最好,防治率达到68.2%,其次为T6、T7,其防治率分别是61.04%和56.36%。在生长、光合速率及根系活力等方面,不同处理的结果不同。其中T3长势最好,鲜重增加达到63.9%,株高增加66.7%,根长增加81.9%;T3光合速率最大,其值为15.97μmol·m-2·s-1,T6、T4和T7对西瓜光合作用的影响也较为显著。处理T6、T3、T4和T7根系活力较好,其中T6达到最大值,其次是T3。(4)从田间实验结果看,T4防治效果最好,无发病植株,其次为T7,防治率达到75%,T6和T3的防治效果也较为显著;T4的西瓜产量最高,比对照提高了14.7%,其次为T3,其产量提高了10.5%;T3、T7、T4和T6各处理西瓜果实可溶性固形物都有不同程度增加,分别比对照提高16.9%、12.5%、9.7%和9.3%。且施加微生物制剂可改变西瓜根际土壤中微生物含量,可一定程度改善植株根际土壤微生物环境。(5)综合其防治效果以及对西瓜植株生长的影响,筛选出了2个较好的处理,分别是T3和T4。
[Abstract]:Watermelon wilt is one of the major diseases of watermelon, and is a destructive vascular bundle soil-borne disease. The pathogen Fusarium oxysporum has strong colonization ability, it can live in the soil for several years, and it is difficult to control. Biological control is more and more popular in many methods. Biocontrol agents are the main methods of biological control. Biocontrol agents have traditional control methods such as chemical control in environmental compatibility and safety. The key of using biocontrol agent to control watermelon wilt is to find biocontrol bacteria which can inhibit the pathogen of watermelon wilt. On the basis of this, the biocontrol bacteria of watermelon wilt were screened, and the microbial preparation was prepared by solid state fermentation. The control effect of microbial preparation on watermelon wilt was studied by pot experiment and field experiment, respectively. In this paper, the growth promoting effect of watermelon plant and the effect on the yield and quality of watermelon were studied. The main results were as follows: 1) screening of antagonistic microorganism between the functional bacteria preserved in the laboratory and the pathogen of watermelon wilt in the laboratory by means of plate confrontation. Several strains with strong antagonism were screened out, among which strain Y1OD-10M-43M-16 had better inhibition rate against watermelon wilt pathogen, its inhibition rate was 79.1% and 75.00%, respectively, and the inhibition rate was 79.01%, 70.8% and 68.8% respectively, and different treatments were applied in seedling stage by pot pot test. The effects of different concentrations of microbial agents on the growth of watermelon were observed. Among them, the seedling emergence rate and growth indexes of watermelon treated with T1T2T2T3T3T5T6 and T7 were different, which increased with the decrease of the concentration of the fungicides applied. The treatment of T4 showed obvious growth promoting effect with the increase of the applied concentration. By synthesizing all the indexes, the optimum applied concentration of the seven treatments was 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively, and 0.5% and 0.5%, respectively. The treatment of T1T2T2T3OT4T4T4T5T6 and T7 had different control effects on watermelon Fusarium wilt, and the results showed that T4, T4, T5, T6 and T7 had different control effects on watermelon wilt disease in different degrees, while T4, T4, T5, T6 and T7 had different effects on watermelon Fusarium wilt. Among them, treatment T3 had the best control effect, the control rate reached 68.2%, followed by T6 T7, the control rate was 61.04% and 56.36.The results of different treatments were different in terms of growth, photosynthetic rate and root activity, among which T3 growth was the best. Fresh weight increased to 63.9, plant height increased by 66.7, root length increased by 81.9 and T3 photosynthetic rate was the highest, and the effects of T4 and T7 on photosynthesis of watermelon were also significant. The root activities of T6T3T4 and T7 were better, and T6 reached the maximum. Secondly, T3. 4) the control effect of T4 was the best in the field experiment, and no diseased plants, followed by T7. The watermelon yield was the highest when the control rate reached 75% T6 and T3. Compared with the control, the content of soluble solids in watermelon fruit was increased by 10.5% and 10.5% respectively, and the soluble solids of watermelon fruit were increased by 16.912.5g% and 9.3%, respectively, compared with the control, and the microorganism content of watermelon rhizosphere soil could be changed by the application of microorganism preparation, and the content of soluble solids in watermelon fruit was increased by 10.5% and 10.5% respectively, compared with the control, and the content of soluble solids was increased by 16.912.5g% and 9.3%, respectively. The microorganism environment of rhizosphere soil can be improved to some extent.) the control effect and the effect on the growth of watermelon plant were synthesised. Two better treatments, T3 and T4, were selected.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S436.5

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