几种鲤科鱼类集群行为及数值辨别能力的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 01:06

本文选题：集群　切入点：群体选择　出处：《重庆师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：集群是鱼类常见的生态行为,鱼群的形成和维持依赖于鱼类对群体大小的辨别,即数值辨别能力。本文开展了2个方面的研究:(1)不同群体大小对麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和高体溠湉(Rhodeus ocellatus)的集群行为的影响研究;(2)鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和草鱼(Ctenopharynodon idellus)的群体偏好和数值辨别能力研究。主要研究结果如下:1.麦穗鱼2个体组的最近邻距离(NND)显著高于4、8和16个体组,而高体溠湉的2和4个体组的NND显著大于8个体组;两种鱼的2和4个体组的群体排列的极性都显著高于8和16个体组。2.麦穗鱼和高体溠湉的不同群体大小的实验鱼自发游泳速度介于2~6 cm/s(相当于0~2 BL/s)之间。不同群体大小组游泳速度的同步性有显著差异,两种鱼的2个体组游泳速度的同步性都显著高于4和16个体组。3.无论测试目标鱼为单尾鳊、单尾草鱼、两尾鳊、两尾草鱼,还是混合的1尾鳊+1尾草鱼,均表现出集群偏好(显著偏好于刺激鱼群一侧),但鳊的集群偏好性比草鱼高。4.当以单尾目标鱼为选择主体时,鳊和草鱼在2 vs.8时偏向大群体的一方,并显著大于随机概率50%;而对4 vs.8、6 vs.8和8 vs.8鱼群的选择不再具有偏向性。5.当以两尾目标鱼为选择主体时,鳊的数值辨别能力与单尾目标鱼相似,而草鱼对2 vs.8、4 vs.8和6 vs.8鱼群的选择正确率显著大于随机概率50%,表明数值识别能力显著提高;鳊+草鱼混合组能辨别2 vs.8和4 vs.8。6.草鱼总体上更为活跃,更多的在两刺激鱼群穿梭;在混合组中鳊有超过35%以上的穿梭是跟随草鱼进行的,相反草鱼只有不到4%的穿梭是跟随鳊进行。结果表明:1.麦穗鱼和高体溠湉幼鱼有典型的集群偏好和集群行为,且随群体中个体数量的增加,凝聚力上升,但协调性有所下降。2.与单尾草鱼相比,双尾草鱼的数值辨别能力显著提高,表明合作有利于提高草鱼幼鱼的数值敏锐性,其机制可能涉及“精英领导机制”。3.单尾鳊和双尾鳊的数值辨别能力较低,可能与其胆小的个性有关;混合组鳊鱼数值辨别能力的提高可能与同伴草鱼活跃性及鳊的跟随行为所致。
[Abstract]:Colony is a common ecological behavior of fish. The formation and maintenance of fish depends on the identification of population size by fish. The effects of different population sizes on the cluster behavior of Pseudorasbora parvaa and Rhodeus ocellatus) were studied in two aspects: Parabramis pekinensis) and Ctenopharyngodon idellus). The main results are as follows: 1. The nearest neighbor distance (NNDD) of wheat ear fish group 2 was significantly higher than that of 4 8 and 16 individuals. The NND of 2 and 4 individuals with high body was significantly higher than that of 8 individuals. The polarity of population arrangement of 2 and 4 individual groups of both species was significantly higher than that of 8 and 16 individuals. The spontaneous swimming speed of different population sizes of wheat spikfish and high-bodied fish was between 2 ~ 6 cm / s (equivalent to 0 ~ 2 BLP 路s), and different groups of them were in the range of 2 ~ 6 cm / s (equal to 0 ~ 2 BL / s). There were significant differences in the synchronism of swimming speed in large group swimming. The synchronism of swimming velocities in two individual groups of both species was significantly higher than that in groups 4 and 16. No matter whether the target fish was single bream, single grass carp, two bream, two grass carp, or a mixed one bream. The group preference of bream was higher than that of grass carp. When single-tailed target fish was used as the main selection subject, bream and grass carp were inclined to one side of large population at 2 vs.8, but the group preference of bream and grass carp was higher than that of grass carp at 2 vs.8, but the group preference of bream and grass carp was higher than that of grass carp. The results showed that the selection of 4vs.8c6 vs.8 and 8 vs.8 fish groups was significantly larger than the random probability of 50. 5. when two target fishes were used as the main selection subjects, the numerical discriminant ability of the two target fishes was similar to that of the single-tailed target fish. The accuracy rate of grass carp selection for 2vs.8n4 vs.8 and 6 vs.8 fish was significantly higher than that of random probability 50, which indicated that the numerical recognition ability was improved significantly, and the mixture group could distinguish 2 vs.8 and 4 vs.8.6. Grass carp was more active in general, and more shuttle between the two stimuli. In the mixed group, more than 35% of the shuttles were followed by grass carp, whereas less than 4% of them were followed by bream. The results showed that the wheatfish and the young fishes had typical cluster preference and cluster behavior. With the increase of individual population, the cohesion increased, but the coordination decreased .2.Compared with the single grass carp, the numerical discrimination ability of the two-tailed grass carp increased significantly, which indicated that cooperation could improve the numerical acuity of the juvenile grass carp. The mechanism may involve "elite leadership mechanism" .3.The numerical discrimination ability of single and double bream is relatively low, which may be related to its timid personality. The improvement of numerical discriminant ability of bream in mixed group may be due to the activity of grass carp and the following behavior of bream.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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