长江流域棉花短季直播栽培密度与肥料效应的研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 17:36

本文选题：棉花　切入点：短季直播　出处：《湖南农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为探索长江流域棉区棉花油后直播高效栽培技术,2013-2014年研究了密度、播种期、施氮水平、株行距配置对油后短季直播栽培棉花生长发育、产量品质、冠层结构和光合作用的影响。主要结果如下：1.播期4月30日至6月14日,密度30000株/hm2-60000株/hm2范围内,产量随播期推迟而降低,随密度的增加呈抛物线变化。以4月30日播种,密度为50000株/hm2处理的皮棉产量最高,达到2876.79kg/hm2,极显著高于其他处理。播种期的适当推迟加快了生育进程,当播种期推迟到5月30日左右,生育期可以控制在110天以内。2.低密度下(30000株/hm2)的断裂比强度显著低于其它三种密度处理。密度对上半部纤维长度、整齐度指数、马克隆值和伸长率均无显著性影响。播种期最迟的棉株在上半部纤维长度、马克隆值、伸长率和断裂比强度显著高于其它3种播期的相应水平。3.在盛蕾期和吐絮期,高密度群体的PAR值大于低密度群体；宽窄行处理比相同条件下的等行距处理的中部和下部PAR值高。施氮量对PAR值影响不显著。三个关键生育期中,花铃期的透光率相对最低,平均为盛蕾期的56.09%。直射光率随着生育进程的推进整体呈上升趋势,但变化幅度不大。4.在5月下旬增加密度(60000株/hm2-90000株/hm2)播种情况下,密度、株行距配置和施氮量的交互作用对盛蕾期和花铃期的净光合速率影响显著,对吐絮期的净光合速率影响极显著。5.施氮量对于提高棉花群体成铃数具有重要意义。密度对于提高子棉产量和皮棉产量具有至关重要的作用。密度、株行距配置及施氮量均对子棉产量和皮棉产量有极显著影响,其交互作用对产量的提高也有极显著影响。6.C2施氮量(180kg/hm2)处理的群体具有较高的上半部纤维长度、伸长率和断裂比强度。高密度比低密度群体具有相对高的整齐度指数,等行距处理比宽窄行处理整齐度指数高结合2年田间试验结果,短季直播条件下,增加密度可以提高产量。2013年试验以密度50000株/hm2理论皮棉产量最高,为2876.79kg/hm2。2014年以密度90000株/hm2理论皮棉产量最高,为5240.81 kg/hm2。播种期推迟到5月下旬时,生育期可以控制在110天以内,且成铃吐絮集中,利于全程机械化。
[Abstract]:In order to explore the high efficient cultivation technique of direct seeding after oil seeding in cotton area of the Yangtze River Basin in 2013-2014, the effects of density, sowing date, nitrogen level and row spacing on the growth, yield and quality of cotton in short season direct seeding cultivation after oil were studied. Effects of canopy structure and photosynthesis. The main results are as follows: 1. From April 30th to June 14th, in the range of 30000 plants / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2) / hm ~ (2), the yield decreased with the delay of sowing date, and changed in parabola with the increase of density. The lint yield with density of 50000 plants / hm ~ 2 was the highest, reaching 2876.79 kg / hm ~ 2, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. The proper delay of sowing date accelerated the growth process, and when the sowing date was postponed to about May 30th, The breaking specific strength of 30000 plants / hm ~ (2) at low density was significantly lower than that of the other three density treatments. The fiber length, micronaire value, elongation and break ratio of the cotton plant at the late sowing date were significantly higher than those of the other three sowing dates. 3. At the stage of budding and flocculation, the cotton plant with the last sowing date had significantly higher fiber length, micronaire value, elongation and break ratio than those of the other three sowing dates. The PAR value of high density population was higher than that of low density population, the PAR value of middle and lower part of wide and narrow row treatment was higher than that of equal row spacing treatment under the same condition, the effect of nitrogen application on PAR value was not significant. The transmittance of flowering and boll stage was the lowest among the three key growth stages. The average is 56.09 at full bud stage. The direct light rate increases with the development of the growth process, but the change is not significant. In late May, the density was increased by 60 000 plants / hm 2 to 90 000 plants / hm 2. The interaction of plant spacing and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the net photosynthetic rate at bud stage and flowering and boll stage. The effect of nitrogen application on the net photosynthetic rate of cotton population is very significant. 5. The nitrogen application rate plays an important role in increasing boll number of cotton population. Density plays an important role in increasing seed cotton yield and lint yield. The plant spacing and nitrogen application rate had significant effects on the yield of seed cotton and lint cotton, and the interaction also had a significant effect on the increase of yield. 6.C2 nitrogen application rate of 180 kg 路hm ~ (2) had a higher fiber length in the upper half of the population. The ratio of elongation and break strength of high density population was higher than that of low density population, the uniformity index of equal row spacing treatment was higher than that of wide and narrow row treatment combined with the results of two years field experiment, and under the condition of short season direct seeding, the index of uniformity was higher than that of wide and narrow row treatment. In 2013, the density of 50000 plants / hm ~ 2 of theoretical lint cotton yield was the highest, and the density of 90000 plants / hm ~ 2 was the highest in 2014, which was 5240.81 kg / hm ~ (2). When the sowing date was postponed to late May, the growth period could be controlled within 110 days. And the boll spitting is concentrated, which is beneficial to the mechanization of the whole process.
【学位授予单位】：湖南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S562

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