不同铵硝配施下橡胶树幼苗对氮素的吸收、利用和分配

发布时间：2018-03-17 14:09

本文选题：橡胶树幼苗　切入点：氮素　出处：《海南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氮素在作物产量和品质形成中起关键作用,不同形态氮素对植物生长发育的影响具有较大差异。橡胶树为多年生乔木,利用传统氮肥研究方法来明确橡胶树对氮素的吸收、利用和分配存在很大的实际困难,而橡胶树利用15N示踪技术的相关研究则鲜见报道。本研究采用盆栽试验,运用15N示踪技术研究铵硝配施下橡胶树幼苗对不同形态氮素的吸收、利用和分配,以期为橡胶树氮素优化管理提供依据。主要结果如下： (1)混合氮源能显著促进橡胶树幼苗的生长。在铵硝比50：50和75：25配施下,橡胶树幼苗株高、茎围及生物量的增长均优于单施硝态氮或铵态氮；同时,铵硝比50：50和75：25配施显著提高了叶片的光合效率。 (2)施氮后,不同铵硝配施下顶蓬叶的全氮含量变化趋势大体一致,先增加后减少；稳定叶中15N含量基本呈现增加趋势。而顶蓬叶15N含量却表现为先增加后趋向平缓,施肥后期标记铵态氮的顶蓬叶的¨N含量要略高于标记硝态氮。 (3)橡胶树幼苗对肥料氮的吸收与施氮量之间存在很好的相关性(铵态氮,R2=0.9687；硝态氮,R2=0.9711),均随着施氮量的增加而增加；在铵硝比50：50和75：25配施下,氮肥表观利用率分别为16.83%和16.69%,显著高于其他处理。这2种铵硝比配施促进了橡胶树幼苗对土壤氮的吸收。 (4)铵硝比50：50和75：25配施下氮肥利用率最高,分别为20.47%和18.61%；铵硝比25：75配施下氮肥残留率最高,约为83%；铵硝比50：50和25：75配施下的氮肥损失率最低,分别为1.95%和2.18%。综上所述,盆栽试验条件下铵硝比50：50和75：25配施促进了橡胶树幼苗的生长,提高橡胶树幼苗对氮肥的吸收和利用。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen plays a key role in crop yield and quality formation, and the effects of different forms of nitrogen on plant growth and development are different. There are great practical difficulties in utilization and distribution, but there are few reports on the application of 15N tracer technology in rubber tree. Pot experiment and 15N tracer technique were used to study the nitrogen uptake of different forms of Hevea seedlings under ammonium nitrate application. The main results are as follows: (1) Utilization and distribution, in order to provide the basis for the optimal management of nitrogen in rubber trees. The main results are as follows:. 1) the mixed nitrogen sources could significantly promote the growth of Hevea seedlings. Under the combination of ammonium nitrate ratio of 50: 50 and 75: 25, the growth of plant height, stem circumference and biomass of Hevea vulgaris seedlings was better than that of nitrate nitrogen or ammonium nitrogen application alone, at the same time, Combined application of ammonium nitrate 50: 50 and 75: 25 significantly increased the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves. (2) after nitrogen application, the total nitrogen content of leaves under different ammonium nitrate application was roughly the same, first increased and then decreased, the content of 15N in stable leaves showed an increasing trend, while the content of 15N in leaves increased first and then tended to smooth. The N content of the leaves labeled with ammonium nitrogen was slightly higher than that of labeled nitrate nitrogen at the later stage of fertilization. (3) there was a good correlation between nitrogen uptake and nitrogen application rate of Hevea seedlings (ammonium N = 0.9667, nitrate N = 0.9711C, both increased with the increase of N application rate), and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate was 50: 50 and 7525: 25, respectively, and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate was 50: 50 and 75: 25, respectively, and the ratio of ammonium to nitrate was 50: 50 and 75: 25, respectively. The apparent utilization ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was 16.83% and 16.69 respectively, which was significantly higher than that of other treatments. (4) the ratio of ammonium to nitrate of 50: 50 and 75: 25 was the highest (20.47% and 18.61), the ratio of ammonium to nitrate of 25: 75 was the highest, about 83.The ratio of ammonium to nitrate of 50: 50 and 25: 75 was the lowest, 1.95% and 2.18, respectively. In conclusion, the application of ammonium nitrate ratio of 50: 50 and 75: 25 in pot experiment promoted the growth of Hevea seedlings and increased the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer in Hevea seedlings.
【学位授予单位】：海南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S794.1

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