激动素和烯效唑对玉米穗建成及产量的影响

发布时间：2018-03-18 10:10

本文选题：玉米　切入点：激动素　出处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：试验于2015~2016年在黑龙江农垦九三管局进行,以当地主栽玉米品种‘德美亚1’(D1)和‘德美亚2’(D2)为供试品种。在三个全展叶时期(5展叶期、7展叶期和9展叶期)喷施促进型调节剂激动素(KT)和延缓型调节剂烯效唑(S3307),以喷施清水为对照(CK)。研究了两类植物生长调节剂(PGRs)对玉米穗建成及产量的影响,系统研究了调节剂调控玉米穗建成及产量形成的影响,为化控技术在玉米生产上的推广应用提供了科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.不同时期喷施KT和S3307对两玉米品种产量均有不同程度的提高,但不同时期喷施不同调节剂对不同品种的调控效果不同,从喷施KT和S3307时期上看,7展叶期对产量的调控效果最好。而5展叶期喷施KT会显著增加秃尖长度,7展叶期喷施调节剂会使穗粗和穗长明显增加;S3307在5展叶期和7展叶期喷施具有缩短秃尖的作用,但在品种间表现不一致。2.不同时期喷施KT和S3307后,多数测定时期内,S3307和KT处理的叶片淀粉含量和淀粉酶活性均低于对照,叶片蔗糖和可溶性糖含量高于对照,7展叶期喷施KT在前期可显著增加叶片转化酶活性,而S3307在生育后期增加其活性。由此可见,PGRs可改善叶片碳水化合物的含量以及关键酶活性,提高了“源”端的供应能力,但两调节剂的作用时间不同,KT的调控效果早于S3307。3.不同时期喷施S3307和KT后,两处理籽粒干重和体积均高于对照,7展叶期和9展叶期喷施KT可降低生育后期籽粒鲜重,加快籽粒的脱水进程,处理与对照籽粒形态变化规律为前期增加速率较快,后期较慢,不同品种间呈现相同的变化趋势。4.对于籽粒碳水化合物含量及其关键酶活性而言,KT和S3307均显著增加了两品种籽粒内可溶性糖和蔗糖含量,提高了籽粒内转化酶活性,而S3307可增加灌浆期籽粒内淀粉含量,KT可使生育后期的淀粉酶活性升高。
[Abstract]:The experiment was carried out in Heilongjiang Agricultural Reclamation Administration from 2015 to 2016. The main maize cultivars' Demeya 1'(D1) and 'Demeiya 2' (D2) were tested. The stimulative regulator KT and the delayed regulator, enoprazole, were sprayed in three full leaf development stages, I. e., the fifth stage, the second stage, the second stage, the second stage, and the second stage, the 9th stage, respectively, and the latter was sprayed with the stimulative regulator KT (KT) and the delayed regulator (enoptrazole). The effects of two kinds of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on maize ear formation and yield were studied. The effects of regulators on maize ear formation and yield formation were studied systematically. The main results are as follows: 1. Spraying KT and S3307 in different periods can improve the yield of two maize varieties in different degrees. However, the effects of spraying different regulators on different varieties were different in different periods. From the point of view of spraying KT and S3307, the effect of KT spraying on yield was the best, while spraying KT at 5 leaf extension stage could significantly increase the length of bald tip and the length of ear and ear length. Spraying at the stage of leaf extension can shorten the tip of baldness. After spraying KT and S3307 at different stages, the starch content and amylase activity of leaves treated with S3307 and KT were lower than those of the control. The contents of sucrose and soluble sugar in leaves were higher than those in the control group. Spraying KT in early stage increased the activity of invertase significantly, while S3307 increased the activity of invertase in the early stage, so PGRs could improve the content of carbohydrate and the activity of key enzymes in leaves. The supply capacity of "source" was improved, but the control effect of KT was earlier than that of S3307.3.After spraying S3307 and KT in different periods, The grain dry weight and grain volume of the two treatments were higher than those of the control group at the stage of leaf expansion and leaf expansion. Spraying KT could reduce the fresh weight of the grain and accelerate the process of grain dehydration in the later stage of growth. The changes of grain morphology in the treatment and the control were faster in the early stage and slower in the later stage. For the carbohydrate content and its key enzyme activity, KT and S3307 significantly increased the soluble sugar and sucrose content in the grains, and increased the invertase activity in the grain. S3307 could increase starch content and KT in grain during grain filling stage, and increase amylase activity in late growing period.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江八一农垦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S513

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