硝化抑制剂DMPP对桃园土壤硝态氮含量与氮素吸收利用率的影响

发布时间：2018-03-20 02:26

本文选题：桃　切入点：DMPP　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：氮肥在增加作物产量、提高农作物品质等方面发挥重要作用。近年来,尿素在我国农业生产中使用广泛,氮素易被土壤中的脲酶水解成氨,进而氧化成铵态氮,铵态氮经过硝化作用转化成硝态氮。由于硝态氮不易被土壤吸附,会经过淋溶、反硝化、径流等方式进入大气和水体中,造成土壤、大气、水体等环境的严重污染。因此,如何通过调控氮素的硝化作用,控制铵态氮向硝态氮的转化,对提高氮素利用率、减少环境污染意义重大。本试验以此为切入点,以1年生‘霞脆/毛桃’(Prunus persica(Carr.)Franch.)为试材,通过盆栽试验,采用15N同位素示踪技术,研究复混肥添加不同剂量DMPP(3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐)及生化黄腐酸钾对氮素转化及其吸收利用率的影响,并进行田间试验验证,以期为桃树高效施肥提供理论参考。试验结果表明:1、盆栽幼树试验中,复混肥添加不同剂量DMPP和生化黄腐酸钾处理,土壤中铵态氮含量均高于对照(单施复混肥)。处理75天后与处理15天后相比,对照土壤铵态氮含量降低了93.06%、0.5%DMPP处理(T1)降低了84.65%、1%DMPP处理(T2)降低了83.38%、2%DMPP处理(T3)降低了85.99%、生化黄腐酸钾处理(T4)降低了81.47%;土壤中硝态氮含量变化趋势则与铵态氮相反。比较不同处理的NO3--N含量发现,各个时期表现为对照DMPP处理生化黄腐酸钾处理;在DMPP处理中,0.5%DMPP处理2%DMPP处理1%DMPP处理。处理75天后与处理15天后相比,各处理土壤中硝态氮含量分别增加了3.32倍(CK)、2.65倍(T1)、2.74倍(T2)、2.74(T3)、2.53(T4)、2.46(T5)。2、复混肥添加不同剂量DMPP及生化黄腐酸钾提高了桃幼树各个器官对氮素吸收征调能力,各器官Ndff值表现为叶片茎根,差异显著;DMPP处理和生化黄腐酸钾处理各器官的Ndff值均高于对照。DMPP处理提高了桃幼树对氮素吸收利用率,与对照相比,0.5%DMPP处理、1%DMPP处理、2%DMPP处理和生化黄腐酸钾处理15N利用率分别提高了14.79%、34.15%、30.57%、17.43%。添加DMPP和生化黄腐酸钾处理后对土壤中过氧化氢酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶等酶的活性影响明显。3、在大田试验中,在距树干50 cm以内进行均匀施肥处理,在近施肥点(距树干50 c m处)和远施肥点(距树干100 cm处)取土样测定分析,结果表明,与单施复混肥(I)相比,DMPP(II)和黄腐酸钾(III)处理,近施肥点土壤铵态氮均高于对照,处理75天后与处理15天后相比,DMPP处理的铵态氮含量下降了79.78%、黄腐酸钾处理的铵态氮含量下降了80.24%、对照处理的土壤铵态氮含量下降了84.15%。远离施肥点变化不大;而近施肥点土壤硝态氮呈上升趋,远施肥点没有显著差异。可见,DMPP和黄腐酸钾均可延缓近施肥点土壤中铵态氮向硝态氮的转化。
[Abstract]:Nitrogen fertilizer plays an important role in increasing crop yield and improving crop quality. In recent years, urea has been widely used in agricultural production in China. Nitrogen is easily hydrolyzed into ammonia by urease in soil and then oxidized to ammonium nitrogen. Ammonium nitrogen is transformed into nitrate nitrogen by nitrification. Because nitrate nitrogen is not easily adsorbed by soil, it will enter the atmosphere and water body by means of leaching, denitrification and runoff, resulting in serious environmental pollution of soil, atmosphere, water body and so on. How to control the conversion of ammonium to nitrate by regulating the nitrification of nitrogen is of great significance to improve the nitrogen utilization rate and reduce environmental pollution. This experiment takes this as the cut-in point and takes Prunus persicaer Carr. Franch. as the test material. The effects of adding different doses of DMPP3 (4-dimethylpyrazolium phosphate) and biochemical potassium fulvic acid on nitrogen conversion and absorption efficiency of compound fertilizer were studied by 15N isotope tracer technique in pot experiment. In order to provide theoretical reference for high efficiency fertilization of peach trees, the results showed that in the experiment of potted young trees, different doses of DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvic acid were added to compound fertilizer. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil was higher than that in the control (single application of compound fertilizer). After 75 days treatment and 15 days treatment, the content of ammonium nitrogen in the soil was higher than that in the control. The content of ammonium nitrogen in the control soil decreased 93.06% and 0.5DMPP treatment (T1) decreased 84.65 DMPP treatment (T2) decreased 83.38% DMPP treatment (T3) decreased 85.99g%, biochemical potassium fulvic acid treatment (T4) decreased 81.470.The trend of nitrate content in soil was opposite to that of ammonium nitrogen. The NO3--N content of the same treatment was found, Each stage was treated with biochemical potassium fulvic acid in contrast with DMPP, and with 0.5 DMPP and 2 DMPP with 1 DMPP in DMPP, and 75 days after treatment with 1 DMPP, compared with 15 days after treatment. The content of nitrate nitrogen in soil increased by 3.32 times (2.65 times) and 2.74 times (T _ (2) 2) ~ (2. 74) (P < 0.05). The addition of compound fertilizer with different doses of DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvate increased the nitrogen uptake and regulation ability of all organs of young peach trees, and the Ndff values of each organ were as follows: leaf stem and root. The Ndff values of organs treated with DMPP and biochemical fulvic acid potassium were significantly higher than those of the control. DMPP increased the nitrogen uptake efficiency of young peach trees. Compared with the control, the utilization rates of DMPP treatment and biochemical potassium fulvic acid treatment were increased by 14.79and 34.15and 30.577.43, respectively. The soil catalase, phosphatase and sucrase were treated with DMPP and biochemical potassium fulvate, respectively. The effect of urease and other enzymes on the activity of urease was obvious. In the field experiment, uniform fertilization was carried out within 50 cm from the trunk, and soil samples from the near fertilization point (50 cm from the trunk) and the distant fertilization point (100 cm from the trunk) were measured and analyzed. Compared with DMPP II) and potassium fulvic acid II) treatments, soil ammonium nitrogen in the near fertilization point was higher than that in the control. After 75 days and 15 days, the ammonium nitrogen content of DMPP treatment decreased 79.78, the ammonium nitrogen content of potassium fulvic acid treatment decreased by 80.244.15, and the soil ammonium nitrogen content of control treatment decreased by 84.15. However, there was no significant difference in nitrate-N in the near fertilization site, but there was no significant difference in the distant fertilization point, so DMPP and potassium fulvic acid could delay the transformation of NH4 + to NO3-N in the soil near the fertilizing point.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S662.1

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