交换面积对几种鱼类代谢尺度的作用

发布时间：2018-03-21 00:47

本文选题：交换面积　切入点：代谢尺度　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：代谢率与体重(M)的异速尺度关系是生理生态学的基础问题之一,解释该问题的学说众多,但存不少争议。“交换面积-代谢需求限制”假说认为,有机体存在“表面积与体积比”造成的交换限制和代谢活动造成的需求限制,二者的相对重要性限制动物个体的代谢尺度,交换面积较大的物种的代谢尺度指数较大。我们以草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)和鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为研究对象,研究各种交换面积对代谢尺度的限制作用,测定了随M增加,各种鱼的静止代谢率(RMR)、鳃表面积(GSA)、体表面积(BSA)、总表面积(TSA)、呼吸频率(VF)、单次呼吸耗氧量(OCPV)、总鳃丝数(TGFN)、平均鳃丝长(AGFL)、平均鳃小片密度(ALD)和平均鳃小片面积(ASLA)等参数的变化,分析了各交换面积参数与代谢尺度的种间关系,以检验“交换面积-代谢需求限制”假说在种内代谢异速中的适用性。本研究的主要结果如下:1、随M增加,各种鱼的RMR均增大(p0.05),草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤的RMR的尺度指数(bRMR)分别为0.824、0.792、0.829和0.793。2、随M增加,各种鱼的GSA、BSA和TSA均增大(p0.05),草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤的bGSA分别为0.846、0.798、0.853和0.873,残差分析发现,鳙的RMR与GSA不相关(p=0.252),草鱼和鲢的RMR与GSA正相关(p0.05),鲤的RMR与GSA负相关(p0.05)。草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤的bBSA分别为0.686、0.668、0.671和0.710,残差分析发现,草鱼(p=0.738)和鲢(p=0.286)的RMR与BSA不相关,而鳙和鲤的RMR与BSA负相关(p0.05)。草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤的bTSA分别为0.793、0.733、0.772和0.805。残差分析发现,鳙的RMR与TSA不相关(p=0.479),而草鱼、鲢和鲤的RMR与TSA正相关(p0.05)。3、各种鱼的OCPV均与M正相关(p0.05),草鱼、鲢、鳙和鲤的bOCPV分别为0.851、0.625、0.726和0.729。随M增加,草鱼(p=0.463)和鲤鱼(p=0.137)的VF无显著变化,而鲢和鳙的VF呈增加趋势(p0.05)。4、随M增加,各种鱼的TGFN、AGFL和ASLA均增大(p0.05),而ALD均减小(p0.05)。5、在种间,特定体重静止代谢率(Ms-RMR)与bRMR无关(p=0.952),与GSA(p=0.802)、BSA(p=0.509)及TSA(p=0.657)也无关,与VF正相关(p=0.009)。GSA(p=0.186)及BSA(p=0.965)与bRMR也无关,控制种系效应后,相关性仍不显著(GSA:p=0.101,BSA:p=0.615)。TSA与bRMR无关(p=0.101),控制种系效应后,二者呈显著的正相关关系(p=0.015)。VF(p=0.798)及OCPV(p=0.862)与bRMR无关,控制种系效应后,相关性仍不显著(VF:p=0.789,OCPV:p=0.713)。结论:1、代谢水平接近的鱼类,TSA越大的物种,其bRMR值越大,支持“交换面积-代谢需求限制”假说。2、物种的代谢水平不受GSA、BSA及TSA的影响,种内代谢水平与TSA的关系也存在种间差异。3、各种鱼的BSA不与M2/3呈正比,bRMR值大于2/3,“体表面积假说”的依据存在明显缺陷,不能有效解释代谢异速问题。
[Abstract]:The isokinetic relationship between metabolic rate and body weight (M) is one of the basic problems in physiology and ecology. There are many theories to explain this problem, but there are many controversies. The relative importance of the exchange restriction caused by "surface area to volume ratio" and the demand restriction caused by metabolic activity limit the metabolic scale of animal. The metabolic scale index of the species with larger exchange area is larger. We studied the limiting effect of various exchange areas on the metabolic scale of Ctenopharyngodon idellusus, Hypophthalmichthys molitrixus, Aristichthys nobilis and Cyprinus Carpio. The changes of resting metabolic rate (RMRN), GSAA, BSAA, total surface area (TSAA), respiratory frequency (VF), oxygen consumption (OCPV), total branchial number (TGFNN), mean branchial length (AGFL), mean branchial density (ALDD) and mean branchial area (ASLAA) of various fishes were observed. The interspecific relationship between the exchange area parameters and the metabolic scale was analyzed to test the applicability of the "exchange-area metabolic demand limitation" hypothesis to the intra-specific metabolic allometasis. The main results of this study are as follows: 1, increasing with M, The RMR scale index of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.824 and 0.793.2 respectively. With the increase of M, the bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.8466 0.798 and 0.853 and 0.873.The bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.846 60.798 and 0.853, respectively, with the increase of M, the bGSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.846 6, 0.798, 0.853 and 0.873, respectively. The RMR of bighead carp was not related to GSA, the RMR of grass carp and silver carp was positively correlated with GSA, and the RMR of common carp was negatively correlated with GSA. The bBSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and bighead carp were 0.6866.68 ~ 0.671 and 0.710, respectively. The residual analysis showed that the RMR of grass carp (p0.738) and silver carp (p0.286) were not correlated with BSA. The bTSA of grass carp, silver carp, bighead carp and common carp were 0.7930.733.0.772 and 0.805 respectively. The residual analysis showed that the RMR of bighead carp was not correlated with TSA (0.479N), while the RMR of grass carp, silver carp and common carp was positively correlated with TSA (p0.055.3.The OCPV of all kinds of fish was positively correlated with M, P 0.05, grass carp, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp, silver carp). The bOCPV of bighead carp and common carp were 0.726 and 0.729, respectively. With the increase of M, the VF of grass carp (P0. 463) and carp (P0. 137) had no significant change, while the VF of silver carp and bighead carp showed an increasing trend. With the increase of M, the TGFNAGFL and ASLA of all kinds of fish increased, while the ALD decreased p0. 05. 5. Ms-RMRs had no relationship with bRMR, 0.802BSAP0. 509 and TSAP0. 657), nor with VF positive correlation (p0. 009. GSAP0. 0. 0.) and BSAp0. 965) and bRMR. The correlation was not significant after controlling for the effect of bRMR. After controlling for the effect of species, the correlation was not significant, but there was no significant correlation between TSA and bRMR. After controlling for the strain effect, there was no significant correlation between Ms-RMRs and bRMR, but there was no significant correlation between GSAp0. 101BSAP0. 615.TSA and bRMR. After the control of strain effect, there was no significant correlation between Ms-RMRs and bRMR. There was a significant positive correlation between the two groups (P < 0.015) and bRMR (0.862). The correlation was still not significant after controlling for the strain effect. Conclusion the higher the TSA of fish with similar metabolic level is, the greater the bRMR value of the species with the same metabolic level is higher than that of the control of strain effect, but there is no significant correlation between the two groups. Conclusion: the higher the TSA is, the greater the bRMR value of the species with the same metabolic level is higher than that of the species with the same metabolic level, but there is no significant correlation between them after controlling the strain effect. Supports the "exchange area-metabolic demand limitation" hypothesis. 2. The metabolic level of species is not affected by GSA-BSA and TSA. There were also interspecific differences in the relationship between intraspecific metabolic level and TSA. The BSA of various fishes was not proportional to M2 / 3 or larger than 2 / 3. The basis of the "body surface area hypothesis" had obvious defects and could not explain the allometabolism effectively.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S917.4

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