利用甜高粱秸秆固态发酵糟生产饲料的研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 17:40

本文选题：甜高梁秸秆　切入点：乳酸菌　出处：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着科技的不断发展,可再生燃料的需求量越来越大。近年来我国工业乙醇生产规模较大,年产乙醇能力已达到500×104t。可直接发酵生产乙醇的原料作物有甘蔗、甜菜及甜高粱等。其中甜高粱具有抗旱、耐盐碱、产量高、糖含量高等特点,非常适合内蒙古地区的土壤及气候。目前,利用甜高粱秸秆生料固态发酵虽然成本低、不易染菌、无大量废水等优点,但依然存在诸多问题。如甜高粱成熟期集中、收割期短、茎秆易变质酸败,且大量集中生产的副产物发酵糟未能得到合理利用,大多腐败发霉造成资源浪费。针对甜高粱固态发酵生产乙醇存在的问题,本研究选用新鲜甜高梁秸秆和经固态发酵后甜高梁秸秆(即酒糟)为材料,设置不同配比梯度,添加菌剂,研究添加菌剂对甜高梁秸秆与酒糟不同配比发酵品质的影响。进一步筛选适合甜高粱固态发酵废糟微贮菌株,为开发甜高粱微贮菌剂奠定基础。结果表明,甜高梁秸秆与酒糟最佳配比为1/10,该配比能提高微贮饲料的营养价值及品质。与对照组相比,可溶性糖提高0.14%、粗蛋白提高0.5%、粗纤维降低11.97%、乳酸提高0.12%、乙酸降低 0.48%。以自然发酵农作物秸秆(甜高粱、玉米、藜麦和苜蓿)为样品,通过筛选得到102株产酸菌株,其中51株鉴定为乳酸菌属。经菌株理化性质分析后,最终确定8株优势菌株,分别为 FJL3(Lactobacillus paracasei)、FJL4(Lactobacillus plantarum)、FJL11(Leuconostoc mesenteroides)、FJL13(Lacrobacillus paracase/)、FJL16((Pediococcuspentosaceus)、FJL19(Pediococcuspentosaceus)’JL20(Lactobacillus sp)、FJL21(Lactobacillus plantarum)。在此基础上,研究了添加市售菌剂与所筛菌株对甜高梁秸秆与酒糟混合(1/10)发酵品质的影响。结果表明,与市售菌剂相比,添加FJL21能够显著提高饲料品质。其中,乳酸含量提高1.38%、粗蛋白提高0.16%、可溶性糖提高0.04%、NH3-N降低11.25%,且能够显著提高微贮饲料的有氧稳定性。进一步经微贮饲料品质标准手册评价得出,加入FJL21菌株的甜高粱固态发酵废糟微贮饲料综合得分为89,为优质饲料。本研究通过配比实验确定了甜高粱固态发酵废糟微贮饲料的最佳配比,并在此基础上筛选出适合该配比的添加菌株,为进一步完善甜高粱乙醇固态发酵工艺,实现废弃物资源化利用奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the demand for renewable fuel is increasing. In recent years, the scale of industrial ethanol production in China has been large, the annual ethanol production capacity has reached 500 脳 10 ~ 4 t. The raw material crop for direct fermentation to produce ethanol is sugarcane. Sugar beet and sweet sorghum. Among them, sweet sorghum has the characteristics of drought resistance, salt tolerance, high yield, high sugar content, etc. It is very suitable for the soil and climate in Inner Mongolia. However, there are still many problems, such as concentrated sweet sorghum maturity, short harvest period, easy spoilage and rancidity of stems, and the fermentation grains of a large number of by-products produced by concentrated production have not been reasonably utilized. In order to solve the problem of producing ethanol by solid fermentation of sweet sorghum, fresh sweet sorghum straw and sweet sorghum straw (lees) after solid state fermentation were selected as materials, and different proportion gradients were set up. The effect of adding bacteria on the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum straw with different proportion of distiller's grains was studied, and the suitable microstorage strains for solid state fermentation of sweet sorghum were screened, which laid a foundation for the development of sweet sorghum microstorage agent. The optimum ratio of sweet sorghum straw and distiller's lees was 1 / 10, which could improve the nutritional value and quality of microstorage feed, compared with the control group. Soluble sugar increased 0.14%, crude protein increased 0.5%, crude fiber decreased 11.97%, lactate increased 0.12%, acetic acid decreased 0.48%. Using natural fermented crop straw (sweet sorghum, corn, quinoa and alfalfa) as samples, 102 acid-producing strains were obtained. Among them, 51 strains were identified as lactic acid bacteria. After physical and chemical analysis, 8 dominant strains were identified as FJL3(Lactobacillus paracaseius FJL4 and Lactobacillus plantarum FJL11 Leuconostoc Leuconostoc mesenteroidesus FJL13ostoc. Lacrobacillus paracase-% FJL16diococcus pentosaceusus pediococcus pediococcus pediococcus JL19pediococcus pentosaceusus JL20 Lactobacillus sptobacillus FJL21tartobacillus planumura. The effect of adding commercial fungicides and screened strains on the fermentation quality of sweet sorghum straw mixed with distiller's grains by 1 / 10) was studied. The results showed that the addition of FJL21 could significantly improve the feed quality compared with the commercial fungicides. The content of lactic acid increased 1.38%, crude protein increased 0.16%, soluble sugar increased 0.04% NH _ 3-N decreased 11.25%, and the aerobic stability of microstorage feed was significantly improved. The comprehensive score of sweet sorghum solid fermentation waste grain microstorage feed was 89, which was high quality feed. The optimum proportion of sweet sorghum solid fermentation waste grain microstorage feed was determined by proportion experiment in this study. On the basis of this, the suitable adding strains were selected, which laid a foundation for further improving the solid state fermentation process of sweet sorghum ethanol and realizing the utilization of waste materials.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S816.6

【参考文献】