基于土地整治的耕地质量等别提升研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 04:10

本文选题：土地整治　切入点：耕地质量　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：耕地质量的提升对于提高耕地产能,保障国家粮食安全,具有十分重要的意义。土地整治是增加耕地面积,提升耕地质量的重要手段。土地整治作为我国长期坚持的一项重大工程,承载着优化土地资源利用,支撑社会经济可持续发展的历史重任,在盘活存量土地、提升土地产能、发展现代农业方面发挥着重要作用。本次研究在国家大力开展土地整治的背景下展开,综合运用文献研究法、实地调查法、对比分析法等进行理论分析与实证研究,将理论与实践相结合。通过分析土地整治对耕地质量提升的影响,提出耕地质量等别的提升应从技术措施和管理措施两方面入手。针对土地整治的技术措施,将化学技术措施、物理技术措施、生物技术措施与土地整治工程相结合,深入分析耕地质量提升的方法措施;土地整治后应注重后期耕地保护、质量管理和农田基础设施维护,保障土地整治持续发挥作用。综合运用技术与管理措施,发挥土地整治效益,全面提升耕地土壤质量、环境质量、管理质量和经济质量。对化学技术措施的研究主要包括种植绿肥、秸秆还田、增施有机肥、施加土壤改良剂等措施;对于物理技术措施主要通过土地平整、低压输水管道灌溉、微喷灌、滴灌、地下暗管排水和修建生态袋护坡排水沟等改善土壤质量和灌排条件,提升耕地质量;生物技术措施主要包括合理选取作物品种、间作轮作、种植防护林等措施的研究。基于天津市滨海新区北大港农场2014年高标准基本农田整治项目进行实证研究,针对研究区土地利用的主要限制因素,采取有针对性的土地整治措施,改善耕地质量影响因素,分析土地整治对耕地质量等别提升的作用机制。整治前,研究区耕地国家自然等为8等、9等、10等,国家利用等为10等、11等两个等别,综合国家利用等为10.84等。整治后,耕地国家自然等均为8等,国家利用等为10等,综合国家利用等为10.12等,综合国家利用等比整治前提高了 0.72等。通过土地整治,研究区玉米、苜蓿、葡萄亩产均有提高,每年可新增经济效益533.25万元。综合以上研究结果表明,通过土地整治,耕地质量作用因素得到有效改善,耕地质量得到明显提升,土地整治效益显著。
[Abstract]:The improvement of the quality of cultivated land is of great significance for improving the productivity of cultivated land and ensuring the national food security. Land regulation is to increase the area of cultivated land. As an important project in our country for a long time, land renovation is carrying the historical responsibility of optimizing the utilization of land resources and supporting the sustainable development of social economy. The development of modern agriculture plays an important role. This study is carried out under the background of the country vigorously carrying out land regulation. The comprehensive use of literature research method, field investigation method, comparative analysis method, etc., to carry out theoretical analysis and empirical research. Combining theory with practice, this paper analyzes the influence of land regulation on cultivated land quality, and puts forward that the improvement of cultivated land quality should start from two aspects: technical measures and management measures. According to the technical measures of land regulation, the chemical technical measures are put forward. Physical and technical measures, biotechnological measures and land remediation projects are combined to deeply analyze the methods and measures for improving the quality of cultivated land, and after land reclamation, we should pay attention to the later stage of cultivated land protection, quality management and farmland infrastructure maintenance, To ensure that land regulation can continue to play a role, to comprehensively use technology and management measures, to give full play to the benefits of land regulation, and to comprehensively improve the quality of cultivated land, soil and environment, Management quality and economic quality. The research on chemical technical measures mainly includes planting green manure, returning straw to the field, adding organic fertilizer, applying soil improver, etc. For physical and technological measures, it is mainly through land leveling, irrigation with low pressure water conveyance pipeline, etc. Micro-sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation, underground submerged pipe drainage and construction of ecological bag slope drainage ditch to improve soil quality, irrigation and drainage conditions, improve the quality of cultivated land, biotechnology measures mainly include the rational selection of crop varieties, intercropping rotation, etc. Based on the high standard basic farmland regulation project of Beidagang Farm in Binhai New District of Tianjin in 2014, and aiming at the main limiting factors of land use in the study area, we take targeted land regulation measures. The influencing factors of improving cultivated land quality are analyzed, and the mechanism of land regulation on the improvement of cultivated land quality is analyzed. Before the improvement, the national natural equality of cultivated land in the study area is 8 class, 9%, 10% and 10%, respectively, and the national utilization is 10% and 11% respectively. The comprehensive national utilization is 10.84 and so on. After renovation, the national natural equality of cultivated land is 8, the national utilization is 10, the comprehensive national utilization is 10.12, and the comprehensive national utilization is 0.72 higher than that before the renovation. The yield of corn, alfalfa and grape per mu in the study area has been improved, and the economic benefit can be increased by 5.3325 million yuan per year. The results of the above studies show that the effect factors of cultivated land quality are effectively improved and the quality of cultivated land is obviously improved through land regulation. The benefit of land regulation is remarkable.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.211

【相似文献】