水分对红枣间作苜蓿复合系统土壤性质的影响

发布时间：2018-03-24 15:26

本文选题：间作　切入点：苜蓿　出处：《塔里木大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：果草间作体系有利于提高果园的综合经济效益,合理灌溉量既能提供适宜的水分、养分状况,又能避免两种作物激烈的水肥竞争,从而达到提高产量的目的。因此筛选出科学有效的红枣苜蓿间作距离及合理的灌溉量,可以更精确地指导枣园间作苜蓿的管理,也为该区域枣苜间作技术科学、规范化发展提供依据。本试验于2015~2016年在塔里木大学园艺站和塔里木大学高产栽培实验室进行红枣间作苜蓿试验。采用两因素裂区实验设计,以枣树苜蓿间作距离为主区,灌水量为裂区,研究不同间距下灌水量对果草间作立体种植体系中土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的影响,并结合间作苜蓿产量和水分利用效率,得出以下主要结论:1.间作条件下土壤含水量在不同时期总体表现为“先下降,后上升,再下降”的变化规律,且随着土层深度的增加土壤含水量逐渐升高。同一间距下,5250m3·hm-2灌水量的0-100cm平均土壤含水量最高。土壤容重随灌水量的增加而增加,4500m3·hm-2灌水量下土壤容重最低,土壤状况最佳。2.随着生育进程的推进,土壤全氮、碱解氮含量表现为“先升高,后下降”;速效磷含量表现为“先升高,后下降,再上升”;土壤有效钾含量不断上升;土壤有机质含量表现为“先下降,后上升”。同一间距下,在一定灌水范围内土壤全氮、碱解氮、速效磷含量均随着灌水量的增加而增加,适量的提高灌水有助于增强土壤的供磷、供氮能力,但灌水量达6000m3·hm-2时其含量显著降低。有机质、速效钾含量随着灌水量的增加而降低。3.不同间作距离和灌水量使土壤酶活性具有一定的差异,且在不同时期所表现出的活性强度不同。随着生育进程的推进,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性表现为“先升高、后降低、再升高”;土壤过氧化氢酶活性不断下降;土壤多酚氧化酶含量不断上升。同一间距下,土壤酶活性均随着灌水量增加而降低,以4500m3·hm-2灌水处理活性较高,过高的供水量不利于酶活性的提高。4.苜蓿全年干重产量在不同间距下差异显著,0.5米间距下产量最高,1.5米间距下产量最低;在同一间距下,苜蓿干重产量随着灌水量的增加呈先增加后降低的变化趋势,均以4500m3·hm-2灌水处理下产量最高,6000m3·hm-2灌水处理下产量最低。5.从各茬水分利用效率来看,总体表现为第二茬最高,第三茬最低。从全年水分利用效率来看,同一间距下苜蓿水分利用效率随灌水量的增加呈现逐渐下降的趋势,均以6000m3·hm-2灌水处理最低。6.本试验中各组合处理中以红枣苜蓿间距为1m,灌水量为4500m3·hm-2为最优间距和灌水量组合,不仅能改善枣苜间作体系土壤养分和酶活性,还能获得较高的苜蓿产量和水分利用效率。以上结果表明,不同间作距离及灌水量均在一定程度影响着红枣间作苜蓿体系中土壤理化性质和土壤酶活力等,也在一定程度上影响了苜蓿产量和水分利用效率,同时本研究也为相关间作体系的科学种植和灌水管理提供理论借鉴。
[Abstract]:Fruit grass system can help to improve the overall economic benefits of the orchard, reasonable irrigation can provide proper moisture, nutrient status, and can avoid the fierce competition and two kinds of crops, so as to achieve the aim of increasing the yield. Therefore, a scientific and effective screening of red dates alfalfa intercropping distance and reasonable irrigation amount, can be more precise guidance jujube intercropping alfalfa management for science and technology in the area of jujube alfalfa, provide the basis for standardized development. The test in 2015~2016 years in the Tarim University and the Tarim University Laboratory of Horticulture Station of high yield cultivation of red jujube intercropping alfalfa test. Using two factor split plot experimental design in the jujube alfalfa intercropping distance the amount of irrigation area, irrigation area of crack, different spacing effects of soil physical and chemical properties and soil enzyme activity in the three-dimensional planting system on fruit grass, combined with intercropping Alfalfa Yield and water Use efficiency, the main conclusions are as follows: 1. under the condition of soil moisture in different periods were decreased, then increased, and then decreased variation ", and with the increase of soil depth the soil water content increased gradually. The same spacing, the highest water content 5250m3 hm-2 0-100cm average soil irrigation water. Soil bulk density increased with the increase of irrigation water, soil bulk density of the lowest 4500m3 hm-2 irrigation, soil conditions, the best.2. with the growth of soil total nitrogen, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen in the" first increased, then decreased; the content of available phosphorus for "performance" first increased, then decreased, then increased "; soil available potassium content increased; soil organic matter content is" the first decline after rising ". The same distance in a certain range of irrigation, soil total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus content increased with the increase of irrigation amount. The amount of irrigation, improve helps to enhance the phosphorus of soil, nitrogen supply capacity, but the irrigation amount was 6000m3 hm-2 when its content was significantly reduced. The organic matter, available potassium content decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and different.3. distance and irrigation to soil enzyme activity has certain difference, activity intensity and in different periods show different. With the growth of soil urease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase activity was increased first, then decreased, and then increased; soil catalase activity decreased; soil polyphenol oxidase content increasing. Under the same spacing, soil enzyme activities decreased with the irrigation increased to 4500m3, hm-2 treatments were higher, yield had significant differences in different spacing under high water supply is not conducive to enhancing enzyme activity of Alfalfa.4. annual dry, 0.5 meters spacing was highest, 1.5 meters distance The lowest yield; at the same spacing, the dry weight of Alfalfa Yield with a first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, irrigation, 4500m3 hm-2 6000m3 hm-2, the highest yield, irrigation yield the lowest.5. from the crop water use efficiency, the overall performance of the second highest third stubble, stubble the lowest annual water use efficiency. From the point of view, the same spacing of Alfalfa under the water use efficiency increased with the increase of the irrigation amount decreased gradually, with the 6000m3 hm-2.6. the lowest irrigation treatment testing in the combined treatment with red dates alfalfa spacing is 1m, irrigation is 4500m3 - hm-2 for the optimal spacing and irrigation combination not only can improve the jujube, alfalfa intercropping system of soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity, can obtain higher Alfalfa Yield and water use efficiency. The above results show that different distance and irrigation in some degree affect red The physical and chemical properties of soil and enzyme activities of jujube intercropping alfalfa system also affected the yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa to some extent. Meanwhile, this study also provides theoretical reference for scientific planting and irrigation management of intercropping system.

【学位授予单位】：塔里木大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S665.1;S541

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