茄子穴盘育苗基质适宜理化性状及氮磷钾用量研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 15:06

  本文选题：茄子　切入点：穴盘育苗　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：以穴盘育苗为代表的蔬菜集约化育苗已成为一个新兴产业,并逐渐向规模化、专业化和现代化发展。基质是育苗的基础条件,直接影响着育苗质量。目前,对茄子穴盘育苗基质的研究,大部分集中在对替代草炭型基质筛选及配方研究等方面,但针对茄子穴盘育苗基质的适宜理化性状和用量的研究较少。为此,本文以茄子为试材,以草炭、蛭石和珍珠岩为育苗基质,采用混料试验设计研究适宜茄子穴盘育苗的基质理化性状指标;在探明培育壮苗所需氮磷钾养分的基础上,采用二次饱和D-最优设计来研究基质中氮磷钾元素适宜添加量,通过计算机模拟试验,进而确定适宜茄子穴盘育苗基质的氮磷钾用量,以期推动育苗基质的标准化,简化苗期水肥管理环节,提高育苗质量。主要研究结果如下:1.当草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=5:2:3(V:V:V)时,茄子幼苗株高、茎粗、植株干重和壮苗指数均最大;以壮苗指数为观测值绘制等值线图,在95%置信区间下得出茄子无土育苗基质的最适配比(体积比)为草炭36%~62%,蛭石20%~27%,珍珠岩24%~43%;建立了各性状指标与草炭、蛭石、珍珠岩配比的回归模型,通过软件模拟并计算得到茄子育苗基质的适宜理化性状指标为:容重0.25~0.41 g·cm~(-3),总孔隙度73%~89%,pH5.8~6.8,EC 0.59~0.93 ms·cm~(-1)[基质:蒸馏水=1:5(W/V)],速效氮612.9~830.1 mg·kg-1,速效磷61.6~103.4 mg·kg-1,速效钾184.6~299.3 mg·kg-1,有机质30.5%~52.6%。通过验证试验,进一步验证了计算机模拟试验的准确性,本试验条件下,适宜茄子穴盘育苗的草炭:蛭石:珍珠岩=4:2:4(V:V:V)。2.在上述验证试验基础上,得出了茄子壮苗所需氮磷钾的养分量为N 0.0194g·plant~(-1),P_2O_5 0.0101 g·plant~(-1),K_2O 0.0490 g·plant~(-1),且氮磷钾养分在茄子幼苗不同部位中的吸收及分配不同。叶中氮磷钾养分含量最高,氮、磷、钾养分含量分别占整株的55.87%、51.23%和48.80%,茎中次之,根中最少;而根中K分配率比N、P小,茎中K分配率高于N、P。3.建立了以氮、磷、钾元素用量为变量因子(包括基质中原有速效氮磷钾含量),茄子壮苗指数为目标函数的三元二次数学模型。通过对模型解析表明,氮、磷、钾对茄子壮苗指数均有显著影响,影响效应以氮肥最高,磷肥次之,钾肥最低;单因子效应分析可得,当N、P_2O_5、K_2O用量分别达到480.94 g·m~(-3)、729.99 g·m~(-3)、886.66 g·m~(-3)时,壮苗指数取得极大值;边际效应分析可得,当N、P_2O_5、K_2O投入量分别为419.19 g·m~(-3)、710.22 g·m~(-3)、861.51 g·m~(-3)时,边际壮苗指数的效应值为0。最终通过计算机进行最优化设计模拟,得出了在本试验条件下,茄子集约化穴盘育苗壮苗指数在0.22以上的的施肥方案,因子编码分别为N 0.1393~0.3607、P_2O_5-0.2014~0.1537、K_2O-0.2710~0.1281,换算为氮磷钾元素用量为N 460.00~536.37 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 567.79~816.70 g·m~(-3),K_2O633.36~969.16 g·m~(-3)。当壮苗指数最大时,基质中实际用量为N 479.15 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 731.18g·m~(-3),K_2O 689.91 g·m~(-3)。4.通过验证试验发现,免营养液基质配方V1的株高、茎粗、干鲜重及壮苗指数与浇灌营养液的对照CK差异不显著;CK处理的茄子幼苗叶片叶绿素b含量较高,但V1处理的净光合速率、叶绿素a、类胡萝卜素含量、根系活力及根系吸收面积与CK差异不显著。综上可知,免营养液基质与浇灌营养液基质培育的茄子幼苗均可达到壮苗标准,两者无显著差异。而免营养液基质配方可推动茄子育苗基质的标准化,简化苗期水肥管理环节,因此建议选取N 479.15 g·m~(-3),P_2O_5 731.18 g·m~(-3),K_2O 689.91 g·m~(-3)(包括基质中原有养分含量),作为茄子集约化穴盘育苗免营养液基质配方在生产中推广应用。
[Abstract]:The seedling of vegetables as the representative of the intensive breeding has become an emerging industry, and gradually to scale, specialization and modernization. The matrix is the basic condition of seedling, directly affects the seedling quality. At present, the research on Eggplant Seedling substrates, most concentrated in replace peat matrix screening study and formulation, but for the eggplant seedling substrates suitable for less study on physicochemical properties and dosage. Therefore, taking eggplant as test materials, with peat, vermiculite and perlite as substrate, the mixture design of suitable eggplant seedling physical-chemical characters based on proven cultivation; the seedling of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium on the study of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium in the matrix elements of the optimum adding amount of two times using the saturation D- optimum design, through computer simulation, and then determine the suitability of Eggplant Seedling Substrates The amount of nitrogen phosphorus and potassium, in order to promote seedling standardization, simplify the links of management of water and fertilizer at seedling stage, improve seedling quality. The main results are as follows: 1. when Peat: vermiculite: Perlite =5:2:3 (V:V:V), eggplant seedling height, stem diameter, dry weight and seedling index were the largest in seedling index; the contour map observations, the optimum ratio of 95% confidence intervals obtained under soilless eggplant seedling substrate (volume ratio) for peat 36%~62% vermiculite 20%~27%, perlite 24%~43%; established the characters with peat, vermiculite, perlite mixture regression model, and calculated the eggplant seedling substrate suitable physicochemical characters through software: G cm~ 0.25~0.41 density (-3), 73%~89% pH5.8~6.8 EC, total porosity, 0.59~0.93 MS cm~ (-1) [matrix: distilled water =1:5 (W/V)] 612.9~830.1 mg kg-1, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in 61.6~103.4 mg kg-1, 184.6~299.3 mg路kg-1,鏈夋満璐，

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