水稻苗期施氮量、浇水温度和水pH值对秧苗素质和产量品质的影响

发布时间：2018-03-25 22:30

  本文选题：水稻　切入点：苗期施氮量　出处：《黑龙江八一农垦大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：为了明确苗期施氮量、浇水温度和pH值三个因子及它们的互作效应对水稻秧苗素质、产量、品质的影响,本试验选用垦粳5号水稻为试验材料,采用了3因子5水平二次正交旋转组合设计,研究不同苗期施氮量、浇水温度、pH值对水稻秧苗素质、产量、品质的影响,以期为垦粳5号水稻培育壮苗、高产优质提供理论参考。研究主要结果如下:水稻秧苗的株高、叶龄、根长、茎基宽、充实度、百株地上干重、百株地下干重指标随着苗期施氮量、浇水温度、pH值的增加,均表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势;其中株高、根长、百株地上干重与水稻产量之间表现为极显著的正相关性关系,叶龄、百株地下干重与产量之间表现为显著的正相关关系;施氮量24.8~32.8g/m2、浇水温度13.0~17.0℃、pH值4.5~6.6范围内时水稻幼苗的株高较高(15.3cm);施氮量22.6~34.6g/m2、浇水温度12.2~15.9℃、pH值4.7~6.5范围内水稻幼苗的根长较长(7.66cm);幼苗SPAD值和植株全氮含量随着苗期施氮量、浇水温度、pH值的升高,表现为先上升后下降的变化趋势;幼苗SPAD值与水稻产量之间存在极显著正相关关系;植株全氮含量与水稻产量之间存在显著正相关关系。秧苗本田的有效穗数在施氮量为26g/m2,浇水温度为15℃,pH值为6时达到最多(539.0穗/m2);穗粒数在苗期施氮量为26g/m2,浇水温度为15℃,pH值为6时达到最多(93.7个/穗);水稻的结实率和千粒重这两个指标各处理之间差异不显著;水稻产量随着苗期施氮量、浇水温度、pH值的增加,表现为先上升后下降的变化规律,在施氮量24.7~34.4g/m2、浇水温度13.5~17.4℃、pH值4.3~6.3条件范围内水稻产量较高(9423.0kg/hm2)。糙米率与幼苗根长、百株地下干重之间存在极显著正相关关系,与百株地上干重之间存在显著的正相关关系;精米的外观品质与水稻秧苗植株全氮含量存在极显著正相关性关系;米饭食味品质中的味道、口感两个指标与植株全氮含量之间存在显著的负相关关系。综上,在苗期施氮量为22.6~35.5g/m2、浇水温度为8.3~17.0℃、pH值为4.5~8.6条件范围内时,秧苗素质的主要指标及其稻谷产量处于较高水平,同时稻米品质的各项指标不会明显下降。
[Abstract]:In order to determine the effects of nitrogen application amount, watering temperature and pH value at seedling stage and their interaction effects on rice seedling quality, yield and quality, Kengjing No. 5 rice was selected as the experimental material in this experiment. The effects of nitrogen application amount and water temperature and pH value on the quality, yield and quality of rice seedlings at different seedling stages were studied by using 3 factors and 5 levels of quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design, in order to cultivate strong seedlings for Kengjing No. 5 rice. The main results are as follows: plant height, leaf age, root length, stem base width, plumpness, dry weight of 100 plants above ground, dry weight index of 100 plants under ground with the increase of nitrogen application amount and watering temperature and pH value of rice seedlings at seedling stage. There was a significant positive correlation between plant height, root length, shoot dry weight of 100 plants and rice yield, leaf age, underground dry weight of 100 plants and yield. The plant height of rice seedlings was 15.3 cm 路m ~ (2), and the root length of rice seedlings was 7.66 cm 路m ~ (2), and the SPAD value and total nitrogen content of rice seedlings were 7.66 cm 路m ~ (-1) in the range of 12.2n ~ 15.9 鈩，

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