我国主要城市绿地分布格局的研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 23:23

本文选题：城市绿地　切入点：格局分布　出处：《河北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市绿地分布格局决定了绿地在城市生态系统中效益的发挥,也是衡量城市环境优劣、人民生活质量高低和城市发展水平的重要指标。本文通过搜集城市绿地的基础数据、构建评价绿地分布格局合理性模型、参数估计以及实例应用,研究了我国主要城市绿地分布格局。首先,应用主成分分析对我国32个主要城市的385块绿地进行参数分析(具体参数包括绿地斑块数、斑块间的距离、面积、城占比和形状指数),结果表明:(1)多数城市的绿地斑块数目介于7-13块之间,绿地面积多数小于2km2,斑块距离多介于0.4-0.8(相对距离,无单位)之间,形状指数多介于1-1.5之间;(2)32个城市中北京、广州、南京、沈阳、杭州这5个城市的绿化情况最好,而石家庄、福建、兰州、海口、拉萨等地的绿地分布格局较差,需做进一步改善和管理;(3)主成分分析得到的绿地面积、块数、分布位置和形状这4个指标,对城市绿地分布格局的影响较大,可作为衡量城市绿地分布格局合理性的参考指标。其次,从绿地斑块自身属性(包括绿地斑块面积、距斑块间距离、形状)和绿地整体角度(包括绿地斑块间距离、绿地服务区域城占比、绿地斑块位置分布)构建了绿地分布格局的评价模型。(1)基于斑块面积的影响,确定了S_A=f(A)= kA~m(公式中具体参数见正文,下同);(2)基于斑块间距离的影响,确定了S_R =g(r)= e~(-βr);(3)基于斑块形状,确定了不同绿地形状的形状指数;(4)基于斑块间距,确定了s_d~2=f(d,n)(具体展开表达式详见正文);(5)基于斑块服务范围,确定了 W = f(S_Y,S_C)(具体展开表达式详见正文);(6)基于斑块分布位置,确定了l = f(x,y,Q,Z)(具体展开表达式详见正文)。在此基础之上,构建评价绿地分布格局合理性的生态模型。然后根据上述调查的385块绿地数据,对参数进行估计。最后,以保定市绿地分布为具体对象,应用上述模型进行计算,结果表明:(1)保定市绿地分布格局指数为0.096,绿地分布格局不合理;(2)保定市有7块绿地,低于我国多数城市的绿地斑块数目(7-13块之间);绿地斑块面积平均为0.45km2,普遍偏小;绿地形状指数为1.41,较为合理;绿地斑块平均间距0.35(偏离度表示,无单位),较为合理;斑块位置为0.57km(多边形中心距表示),不合理;绿地影响服务区域范围过小,仅为0.3133。(3)针对当前保定市绿地分布状况,建议如下:增加斑块数目,尤其是大面积绿地斑块;在面积不变的前提下,尽可能延长绿地周边。
[Abstract]:The distribution pattern of urban green space determines the benefit of green space in urban ecosystem, and it is also an important index to measure the quality of urban environment, the quality of people's life and the level of urban development. The rational model of evaluating the distribution pattern of green space, the estimation of parameters and the application of examples are constructed to study the distribution pattern of green space in major cities of China. The principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze 385 greenbelts in 32 major cities of China (including the number of patches, the distance between patches, and the area). The results show that the number of green patches in most cities is between 7-13 patches, most of them are smaller than 2km2, and the patch distance is between 0.4-0.8 (relative distance, no unit). Of the 32 cities, Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Shenyang and Hangzhou have the best greening situation, while Shijiazhuang, Fujian, Lanzhou, Haikou and Lhasa have poor distribution patterns of green space. The four indexes of green space area, block number, distribution position and shape, which need to be further improved and managed, have a great influence on the distribution pattern of urban green space. It can be used as a reference index to measure the rationality of urban green space distribution pattern. Secondly, the characteristics of green patches (including the area of green patches, the distance and shape between patches) and the whole angle of green space (including the distance between patches) and the whole angle of green space (including the distance between green patches) are analyzed. The evaluation model of green space distribution pattern was constructed. Based on the effect of patch area, the influence of patch area on the distribution pattern of green space was established. The effect of the distance between patches was determined. Based on the patch shape, the shape index of different green space shapes is determined. Based on the patch spacing, the sdna 2f / D ~ (n) is determined. (for a detailed expression of the expansion, see page / 5), it is based on the area of patch service. We have determined W = fen SYSCU (see text / 6 for the specific expansion expression). Based on the location of the patch distribution, I have determined that l = fangxyangyong Qnzu (for the specific expansion expression, see the text for details.) on this basis, The ecological model is constructed to evaluate the rationality of green distribution pattern. Then the parameters are estimated according to 385 green space data. Finally, the above model is used to calculate the distribution of green space in Baoding city. The results show that the distribution pattern index of green space in Baoding is 0.096, and the distribution pattern of green space is unreasonable. There are 7 greenbelts in Baoding, which are lower than the number of patches in most cities in China, and the average area of green patches is 0.45 km ~ 2, which is generally small. The green space shape index is 1.41, which is reasonable, the average spacing of green patches is 0.35 (deviation degree, no unit, is reasonable; patch position is 0.57km (polygonal center distance is unreasonable); green space influence service area is too small, In view of the current distribution of green space in Baoding, the following suggestions are proposed: increase the number of patches, especially large areas of green patches, and extend the green space periphery as far as possible on the premise of no change in area.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S731.2

【参考文献】