水稻侧深施肥机的设计

发布时间：2018-03-26 13:39

本文选题：侧深施肥装置　切入点：结构设计　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国水稻种植过程中,各个施肥环节多数沿用传统的人工手撒表层性施肥方式,这种施肥方式的用量很大,不仅容易造成水稻秧苗吸收肥量不均,还对水田周边水系造成污染。所以,化肥深施技术成为目前水稻生产机械化研发的重点。本文结合水稻侧深施肥技术,开展水稻侧深施肥装置的研究,本文的主要研究内容和结论如下:(1)研究了国内外施肥机械的发展,着重分析了水稻侧深施肥机械的技术现状,提出了气吹式外槽轮排肥器的技术方案。(2)以水稻种植过程中常用的两种复合肥作为样本,分别对其三维尺寸及粒径分布、千粒重、堆积密度及真实密度、休止角等物理特性和静摩擦系数、碰撞恢复系数等力学特性进行实验研究,为后续外槽轮、肥箱等部件的结构设计提供依据,并为排肥器排肥过程的EDEM仿真提供基础参数。(3)对侧深施肥装置的主要部件进行设计,包括气吹式外槽轮排肥器、肥箱、机架以及传动方式和控制系统。在完成第一轮样机研制和试验的基础上,又进行了第二轮样机的研制,把外槽轮的直接驱动改为间接驱动,采用上翻式排肥器结构,解决了目前水稻侧深施肥装置对外槽轮以及排肥系统难以清扫的问题。(4)利用Fluent对排肥器下壳体参数进行优化,分析了排肥器下壳体在不同结构参数下的流场特性;利用EDEM对排肥器排肥过程进行仿真,分析了外槽轮结构参数、运动参数、排肥量调节挡片和施肥刷等对排肥过程的影响。(5)对第一轮样机的排肥器单元和和第二轮样机整机分别进行了验证试验和性能试验。验证了本文提出的排肥器设计和EDEM仿真方法的正确性;通过性能试验,得到研发的水稻侧深施肥装置各行排肥量一致性变异系数为3.04%,排肥稳定性变异系数为2.32%,排肥均匀性变异系数为34.3%,断条率为零,符合施肥机械国家标准。
[Abstract]:In the process of rice planting in China, most of the fertilization links follow the traditional artificial hand sprinkling surface layer fertilization method. The amount of fertilizer applied in this way is very large, which not only results in uneven absorption of fertilizer in rice seedlings. It also pollutes the water system around the paddy field. Therefore, chemical fertilizer application technology has become the focus of mechanization research and development of rice production at present. In this paper, combining with rice side deep fertilization technology, the research of rice side deep fertilization device is carried out. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the development of fertilization machinery at home and abroad has been studied, and the technical status of rice side deep fertilization machinery has been emphatically analyzed. In this paper, the technical scheme of gas-blown external groove wheel fertilizer drainers is proposed. The two kinds of compound fertilizers commonly used in rice planting are used as samples. The three-dimensional size and particle size distribution, 1000-grain weight, packing density and real density are respectively analyzed. The physical properties such as angle of repose, static friction coefficient, collision recovery coefficient and other mechanical properties are studied experimentally, which provides the basis for the structural design of the components such as the outer groove wheel and the fertilizer box, etc. The main components of the side deep fertilization device are designed for the EDEM simulation of the fertiliser discharge process, including the gas blowing type external groove wheel fertiliser, the fertiliser box, and so on. The frame, transmission mode and control system. On the basis of the development and test of the first wheel prototype, the second wheel prototype was also developed. The direct drive of the outer groove wheel was changed to indirect drive, and the structure of the upturned fertiliser was adopted. This paper solves the problem that it is difficult to clean the external grooves and fertilizer drainage system of the rice side deep fertilization device at present. Using Fluent to optimize the parameters of the lower shell of the fertiliser, the flow field characteristics of the shell under the different structural parameters are analyzed. The process of fertiliser discharge is simulated by EDEM, and the structural parameters and motion parameters of the outer groove wheel are analyzed. The effect of adjusting the amount of fertilizer and the fertilizer brush on the process of fertiliser discharge. 5) the experiment of the first prototype unit and the second prototype unit and the performance test were carried out, respectively. The design of the fertiliser proposed in this paper was verified. And the correctness of EDEM simulation method; Through the performance test, the consistency coefficient of variation of fertilizer discharge in each row of the rice side depth fertilization plant was 3.04, the coefficient of variation of the stability of fertilizer discharge was 2.32, the coefficient of variation of homogeneity of fertilizer discharge was 34.3and the broken rate of strip was zero, which was in line with the national standard of fertilization machinery.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S224.2

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