含硒、碘的铜基叶面肥在萝卜及生菜上的生物效应

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:14

本文选题：铜基叶面肥　切入点：硒　出处：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：铜基叶面肥(Copper-based foliar fertilizer)是由山东农业大学土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室研制的具有杀菌和营养双重功效的产品。本文在氢氧化铜的基础上,添加硒(Se)、碘(I)元素及配方助剂,研制出含硒(CBFF-Se)、碘(CBFF-I)的铜基叶面肥,同时按照联合国粮农组织(UN/FAO)和我国可湿性粉剂质量标准对产品的悬浮性能等相关指标进行了评价。本文以喷施清水(CK)、传统波尔多液(BDM)为对照,选取普通铜基叶面肥(CBFF)、含硒铜基叶面肥(CBFF-Se)、含碘化钾铜基叶面肥(CBFF-KI)、含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥(CBFF-KIO)四种铜基叶面肥,设置1 g/L及2 g/L两种浓度,利用1季的盆栽试验,研究了喷施不同种类及不同浓度铜基叶面肥对萝卜产量、农艺指标、品质、植株养分含量及对土壤微量元素含量的影响;通过2季的小区试验研究了喷施不同种类及浓度铜基叶面肥对生菜产量、品质、植株养分含量、叶片光合荧光特性、植株养分含量及对土壤微量元素含量的影响,为生产富硒、富碘蔬菜提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:1.利用实验室用砂磨机制备普通铜基叶面肥、含硒铜基叶面肥、含碘化钾铜基叶面肥、含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥四种产品,其粒径、p H、悬浮率、润湿性、起泡性、流动性、热贮稳定性均符合联合国粮农组织(UN/FAO)和我国可湿性粉剂质量标准的要求。四种产品以含碘化钾铜基叶面肥性能最好,其D50为5.71μm,D97为13.33μm,比表面积为1100.45 m2/kg,p H为8.72,悬浮率为72.88%。2.喷施1 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥较清水处理显著提高萝卜的地下部鲜重、肉质根横径粗及叶片数分别为53.66%、23.01%及24.07%。喷施2 g/L普通铜基叶面肥及2 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥均可显著提高萝卜地下部干物质分别为40.77%、39.87%。2015年喷施1g/L含硒铜基叶面肥生菜地上部鲜重较CK显著增加28.92%,喷施2 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥及1 g/L含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥生菜地上部鲜重较喷施清水分别显著降低22.47%、22.73%。3.喷施铜基叶面肥较传统波尔多液显著降低萝卜地上部、地下部铜含量为55.67%-91.19%、61.57%-91.24%,降低铜毒害。铜基叶面肥能显著提高萝卜地上部中铜含量1.25-3.37倍,其中喷施高浓度铜基叶面肥处理萝卜的铜含量明显比喷施低浓度铜基叶面肥处理高。喷施2 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥和1 g/L含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥条件下萝卜肉质根可溶性蛋白分别显著提高37.87%、39.26%。2015年,CBFF1、CBFF2、CBFF-Se2、CBFF-KI1处理生菜Vc含量较CK分别显著增加18.52%、58.49%、35.28%、22.20%,CBFF1、CBFF-Se1、CBFF-Se2、CBFF-KI2、CBFF-KIO1处理生菜硝酸盐含量较CK分别显著降低33.30%、49.10%、58.78%、39.08%、30.24%。2016年CBFF-Se2、CBFF-KI2、CBFF-KIO2处理生菜可溶性糖含量较CK分别显著提高29.58%、34.36%、39.24%,提高了生菜品质。4.喷施含硒铜基叶面肥后萝卜地上部、地下部硒含量较CK显著提高。喷施浓度为1 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥及2 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥条件下萝卜地下部硒含量较其它处理分别提高了20.39%-1.27%、48.80%-74.61%。CBFF-Se2处理肉质根中硒含量(鲜重)较CBFF-Se1处理提高23.76%,表明施入高浓度硒元素没有抑制植物对硒的累积。5.喷施不同种类铜基叶面肥可以提高碘元素含量。喷施1 g/L含碘化钾及1 g/L含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥条件下萝卜地下部碘含量较喷施清水分别显著提高了44.38%及93.41%。2015年喷施1 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥及2 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥条件下,生菜地上部碘含量较喷施清水分别显著增加127.91%、23.35%,且两种含碘铜基叶面肥不同浓度条件下,生菜地下部碘含量较CK显著增加25.95%-211.41%。2016年喷施含碘铜基叶面肥处理生菜地上部碘含量较清水处理分别显著增加24.71-66.20倍。6.萝卜喷施铜基叶面肥处理土壤中有效铜含量较BDM处理土壤铜含量显著降低31.69%-54.89%,减少了土壤铜污染的风险;铜基叶面肥处理土壤中锰含量降低了7.50%-14.23%。2016年生菜喷施铜基叶面肥处理土壤有效锰含量较喷施清水降低16.72%-44.92%。7.综合分析喷施不同浓度和种类的含碘铜基叶面肥对萝卜产量、农艺指标、品质、养分含量等的影响,对萝卜喷施1 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥较CK显著提高萝卜硒含量、产量及品质,喷施2 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥可以提高萝卜硒含量。喷施1 g/L含碘酸钾铜基叶面肥对萝卜的质量无显著性影响但显著提高萝卜肉质根可溶性蛋白及碘含量。对生菜喷施1 g/L含硒铜基叶面肥可以提高生菜产量及品质,生菜喷施2 g/L含碘化钾铜基叶面肥可以提高生菜碘含量及品质。
[Abstract]:Copper based foliar fertilizer (Copper-based foliar fertilizer) by Shandong Agricultural University and the efficient use of resources of National Engineering Laboratory developed the double functions of sterilization and nutritional products. In this paper, copper hydroxide on the basis of adding selenium (Se), iodine (I) elements and formula of additives developed selenium (CBFF-Se), iodine (CBFF-I) the copper based foliar fertilizer, and in accordance with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN/FAO) and China's WP quality standard on the related indexes of products suspension performance were evaluated. In this paper, spraying water (CK), the traditional Bordeaux liquid (BDM) as the control, selection of ordinary copper based foliar fertilizer (CBFF), including selenium copper based foliar fertilizer (CBFF-Se), copper based foliar fertilizer containing potassium iodide, potassium iodate (CBFF-KI) containing copper based foliar fertilizer (CBFF-KIO) of four kinds of copper based foliar fertilizer, 1 g/L and 2 g/L two concentration, using pot experiment in the 1 quarter, the spraying of different types and different concentration The degree of copper based foliar fertilizer on radish yield, agronomic traits, quality, nutrient content and the influence on the content of trace elements in the soil; through plot experiment in the 2 quarter on the quality of different types and different concentrations of copper based foliar fertilizer on lettuce yield, nutrient content, Ye Pianguang fluorescence characteristics, nutrient content and influence on the content of trace elements in soil, to provide a theoretical basis for the production of selenium, iodine enriched vegetables. The main results are as follows: 1. using the laboratory preparation of ordinary copper based foliar fertilizer for sand mill, selenium copper based foliar fertilizer containing copper based foliar fertilizer, potassium iodide, potassium iodate containing copper based foliar fertilizer of four kinds of products, its size P, H, suspension rate, wetting, foaming, fluidity, heat storage stability are in line with the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (UN/FAO) and China's WP quality standards. Four kinds of products with the best performance of copper based foliar potassium iodide, D50 5.71 m, D97 13.33 m, the specific surface area is 1100.45 m2/kg, P H 8.72, the suspension rate of 72.88%.2. spraying 1 g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer with water treatment significantly increased the root fresh weight of radish, fleshy root transverse diameter and number of leaves were 53.66%, 23.01% and 2 24.07%. of spraying g/L common copper based foliar fertilizer and 2 g/L potassium iodide copper based foliar fertilizer could significantly improve the radish root dry matter weight were 40.77%, 39.87%.2015 years of spraying 1g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer upper lettuce fresh weight increased significantly compared with CK 28.92%, 2 g/L spraying potassium iodide copper based foliar fertilizer and foliar potassium iodate containing 1 g/L copper base fertilizer raw vegetable shoot fresh weight were significantly decreased by 22.47% compared with the water spraying, spraying 22.73%.3. copper based foliar fertilizer was significantly lower than the traditional Bordeaux shoot of radish, the copper content of 55.67%-91.19%, 61.57%-91.24%, reduce the toxicity of copper to copper based foliar fertilizer significantly. Improve the copper content in shoot of radish in 1.25-3.37 times, the copper content of spraying high concentration copper based foliar fertilizer radish is more obvious than the low concentration of copper based foliar fertilizer. Radish root soluble protein with 2 g/L of potassium iodide and 1 g/L copper based foliar fertilizer containing potassium iodate copper based foliar fertilizer conditions were significantly improved 37.87%, 39.26%.2015, CBFF1, CBFF2, CBFF-Se2, CBFF-KI1, Vc content of lettuce were significantly increased compared with CK 18.52%, 58.49%, 35.28%, 22.20%, CBFF1, CBFF-Se1, CBFF-Se2, CBFF-KI2, CBFF-KIO1 and nitrate content in lettuce with CK were significantly decreased by 33.30%, 49.10%, 58.78%, 39.08%, 30.24%.2016 CBFF-Se2, CBFF-KI2, soluble CBFF-KIO2 the sugar content of lettuce were significantly increased compared with CK 29.58%, 34.36%, 39.24%, improve the spraying quality of lettuce.4. selenium copper based foliar fertilizer after the shoot of radish, the selenium content increased significantly in comparison with CK. The concentration for radish underground selenium content of selenium containing 1 g/L copper based foliar fertilizer and 2 g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer conditions than other treatments were increased by 20.39%-1.27% treatment, 48.80%-74.61%.CBFF-Se2 selenium content of fleshy root (fresh weight) compared with the CBFF-Se1 treatment increased 23.76%, showed that the application of high concentration of selenium did not inhibit the accumulation of.5. spraying plant of Selenium of different types of copper based foliar fertilizer can improve the iodine content. The application of 1 g/L and 1 g/L of potassium iodide containing potassium iodate copper based foliar fertilizer under the condition of radish underground iodine content of spraying water is significantly increased by 44.38% and 93.41%.2015 by 1 g/L of potassium iodide copper based foliar fertilizer and 2 g/L potassium iodide containing copper based foliar fertilizer conditions, shoot iodine content than spraying water were significantly increased by 127.91%, 23.35%, and two iodine containing copper based foliar fertilizer under different concentration conditions, the iodine content of lettuce roots than CK significantly With the increase of 25.95%-211.41%.2016 spraying iodine copper based foliar fertilizer processing shoot iodine content is water treatment were significantly increased 24.71-66.20 times.6. radish spraying copper based foliar fertilizer treatment in soil available copper content is BDM copper content in the soil decreased significantly reduce the risk of 31.69%-54.89%, less soil copper contamination; manganese content of copper based foliar fertilizer processing of soil in the lower 7.50%-14.23%.2016 lettuce spraying copper based foliar fertilizer treatment decreased soil available Mn content 16.72%-44.92%.7. comprehensive analysis of spraying different concentrations and kinds of iodine containing copper based foliar fertilizer on radish yield, agronomic traits, quality than spraying water, affect the nutrient content of radish, spraying 1 g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer significantly increased compared with CK radish selenium content, yield and quality, spraying 2 g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer can improve the selenium content of radish. Spraying 1 g/L containing potassium iodate copper base leaves Fertilizer on radish quality had no significant effect but significantly increased radish root soluble protein and iodine content of lettuce. Spraying 1 g/L selenium copper based foliar fertilizer can improve the yield and quality of lettuce, lettuce with 2 g/L of potassium iodide copper based foliar fertilizer can improve the iodine content and quality of lettuce.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S631.1;S636.2

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