福建省烟草灰霉病菌对5种药剂的敏感性测定及药剂筛选

发布时间：2018-03-27 06:18

本文选题：烟草灰霉病　切入点：灰葡萄孢　出处：《福建农林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：烟草灰霉病是危害福建省烟草上的重要病害之一,尤其是三明烟区,近年来由灰霉病造成的烟草经济损失十分严重。本研究结合福建省三明地区烟草灰霉病发生、危害与防治的实际,对主要烟区的灰霉病病原菌进行了鉴定、室内敏感性测定和烟草灰霉病的田间药剂筛选,取得了如下结果:采用组织分离法对采自泰宁县、建宁县、永安市、清流县、沙县和大田县烟草灰霉病进行了病原分离,共分离到30个菌株,结合形态学与分子生物学特征(ITS区序列分析),将病原鉴定为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)并在盆栽条件下进行了致病性验证。通过菌丝生长速率法(MIC法)测定了从以上六县市分离的30株灰霉病菌对化学农药吡唑醚菌酯+代森联、异菌脲、嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺及腐霉利的敏感性。结果表明:福建三明地区烟草灰霉病菌对嘧霉胺药剂已经产生了较为严重的抗性,而且对该药剂的高抗频率较高;异菌脲与腐霉利高浓度药剂虽对灰霉病菌有一定的抑制效果,但是也表现较为明显的抗性;三明地区烟草灰霉病菌对吡唑醚菌酯+代森联和啶酰菌胺的抗性水平相对较低。选择上述药剂在泰宁、明溪和永安三地进行了田间防治烟草灰霉病试验。结果表明:在泰宁县,唑醚·代森联、异菌脲、腐霉利、啶酰菌胺对烟草灰霉病菌对有较好的防效,最高防效达52.26%,但是,实验过程中发现,异菌脲与腐霉利的大量使用会影响部分烟株的正常生长;在明溪县,唑醚·代森联和啶酰菌胺表现出较好的防治效果,而其他供试的三种药剂易受气候条件的影响;在永安,嘧霉胺、腐霉利、啶酰菌胺对烟草灰霉病有良好且稳定的防效,在第五次施药后,其防效分别可达88.06%,91.04%和89.39%,异菌脲则表现出较差的防效,第五次施药后的防效仅为39.14%。综合上述结果,在烟草灰霉病重病区需要进行密集的抗性监测,以利于烟草灰霉病田间科学用药的指导。
[Abstract]:Tobacco grey mold is one of the most important tobacco diseases in Fujian Province, especially in Sanming tobacco area. The economic loss caused by grey mold is very serious in recent years. This study combined with the occurrence of tobacco grey mold in Sanming area of Fujian Province. In the field of harmfulness and control, the pathogen of grey mold in main tobacco area was identified, the indoor sensitivity was determined and the field insecticide screening of tobacco grey mold was carried out. The results were as follows: the tissue separation method was used to separate the pathogen from Taining County and Jianning County. In Yongan City, Qingliu County, Sha County and Datian County, the pathogen of tobacco gray mold was isolated, and a total of 30 strains were isolated. Combined with morphological and molecular biological characteristics of its region sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Botrytis cinerea Pers.and the pathogenicity was verified under pot culture. The pathogenicity of the pathogen was determined by mycelium growth rate method (MIC method) from the above six counties and cities. A total of 30 strains of cinerea cinerea were isolated from the chemical pesticide pyrazole. The sensitivity of Isozotol, pyridamine, pyridamine and Pythium. The results showed that the tobacco cinerea in Sanming area of Fujian Province had a serious resistance to pyridamine, and had a high frequency of resistance to it. Although the high concentration of isosarbazone and Pythium had a certain inhibitory effect on the cinerea, it also showed obvious resistance. The resistance level of tobacco cinerea to pyrazolyl ether ester and pyrazole was relatively low in Sanming area. The field control experiments were carried out in Taining, Mingxi and Yongan. The results showed that: 1. Azoloxyether, isocyanuron, Pythium and pyrimidine had a better control effect against tobacco cinerea, the highest control effect was 52.26. However, it was found in the experiment that the large use of iso-urea and Pythium would affect the normal growth of some tobacco plants. In Mingxi County, the control effects of the three agents were better, while the other three insecticides were susceptible to climatic conditions, while in Yongan, pyridamole, Pythium, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, pyridamole, After the fifth application, the control effect was 88.06% 91.04% and 89.39%, respectively, while isobiourea showed a poor control effect, and the control effect was only 39.14% after the fifth application, and the control effect was only 39.14% after the fifth application. Intensive resistance monitoring should be carried out in the area of tobacco grey mold disease in order to guide the scientific application of tobacco grey mold disease in the field.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S435.72

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